arXiv:2604.23536cs.CV2026-04

提出零成本轨迹采样,让扩散模型生成更准且更快。

$Z^2$-Sampling: Zero-Cost Zigzag Trajectories for Semantic Alignment in Diffusion Models

论文配图:$Z^2$-Sampling: Zero-Cost Zigzag Trajectories for Semantic Alignment in Diffusion Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用代数消去中间步骤,避免离数据流形的误差
  • 仅需2次神经网络评估,却能实现多步轨迹效果
  • 适合追求高效高质生成的开发者和研究者

扩散模型在文本对齐生成中取得巨大成功,主要依赖无分类器引导(CFG)。但标准CFG仅使用瞬时梯度,忽略了数据流形的内在曲率。近期的Zigzag采样(Z-Sampling)通过显式多步前向-反向轨迹探测曲率,显著提升语义对齐。然而,这类方法使神经函数评估(NFE)成本增至三倍,并因流形外评估引入未约束截断误差,导致分布漂移。本文从理论上证明,显式zigzag序列可拓扑简化。提出隐式Z-Sampling,严格证明可通过算子对偶性代数消去中间状态,物理上消除流形外近似误差。为逼近理论最低效率,提出$Z^2$-Sampling(零成本锯齿采样),利用概率流ODE的时间一致性,将隐式代数坍缩与动态缓存的时间语义代理耦合,恢复标准2-NFE基线而不损失语义探索能力。通过逆误差分析,形式化证明该离散坍缩天然合成方向导数曲率惩罚。大量实验表明,$Z^2$-Sampling从根本上突破性能-效率权衡边界,在多种架构(U-Nets, DiTs)与模态(图像/视频)上验证通用性,且与先进对齐框架(AYS, Diffusion-DPO)无缝兼容。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Diffusion models have achieved unprecedented success in text-aligned generation, largely driven by Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG). However, standard CFG operates strictly on instantaneous gradients, omitting the intrinsic curvature of the data manifold. Recent methods like Zigzag-sampling (Z-Sampling) explicitly traverse multi-step forward-backward trajectories to probe this curvature, significantly improving semantic alignment. Yet, these explicit traversals triple the Neural Function Evaluation (NFE) cost and introduce unconstrained truncation errors from off-manifold evaluations, causing cumulative drift from the true marginal distribution. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate that the explicit zigzag sequence is topologically reducible. We propose Implicit Z-Sampling, rigorously proving that intermediate states can be algebraically annihilated via operator dualities, physically eliminating off-manifold approximation errors. To push sampling efficiency to its theoretical lower bound, we introduce $Z^2$-Sampling (Zero-cost Zigzag Sampling). Exploiting the Probability Flow ODE's temporal coherence, $Z^2$-Sampling couples implicit algebraic collapse with a dynamically cached Temporal Semantic Surrogate. This restores the standard 2-NFE baseline without sacrificing semantic exploration. We formally prove via Backward Error Analysis that this discrete collapse inherently synthesizes a directional derivative curvature penalty. Finally, extensive evaluations demonstrate that $Z^2$-Sampling structurally shatters the performance-efficiency Pareto frontier. We validate its universal applicability across diverse architectures (U-Nets, DiTs) and modalities (image/video), establishing seamless orthogonality with advanced alignment frameworks (AYS, Diffusion-DPO).

扩散模型生成效率语义对齐采样优化

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