arXiv:2604.23702cs.RO2026-04被引 2

让机器人穿不同鞋走路更安静,靠物理模型精准感知脚底受力。

QuietWalk: Physics-Informed Reinforcement Learning for Ground Reaction Force-Aware Humanoid Locomotion Under Diverse Footwear

论文配图:QuietWalk: Physics-Informed Reinforcement Learning for Ground Reaction Force-Aware Humanoid Locomotion Under Diverse Footwear
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用物理约束神经网络从身体信号推算脚底受力,无需真实力传感器
  • 实测降噪7.17dB,峰值噪声降4.98dB,跨鞋型适配能力强
  • 适合需要安静行走的家用、医疗机器人场景

在家庭、医院和办公室等人类中心环境运行的人形机器人,需减轻脚地撞击产生的瞬态冲击,因冲击引发的振动与噪音会降低用户体验,反复冲击还会加速硬件损耗。然而,现有低噪音运动训练常依赖运动学代理目标或易损力传感器,鞋履带来的接触动力学变化会引起分布偏移,影响策略泛化。本文提出QuietWalk,一种面向多种鞋履条件下的地面反作用力感知人形机器人行走的物理信息强化学习框架。该方法采用逆动力学约束的物理信息神经网络(PINN),从本体感受信号估计每只脚的垂直地面反作用力(GRFs),并将冻结的预测器嵌入强化学习训练流程,以惩罚预测出的冲击力,而无需部署力传感器。在保留的真实机器人数据集上,强制满足逆动力学一致性使垂直GRF预测误差降低82%-86%,决定系数从0.39/0.67提升至0.99/0.99(左/右脚)。在硬件上以1.2米/秒速度行走(赤足,平均四类地面材料),在一致录音设置下,均值A加权噪声水平降低7.17 dB,峰值噪声降低4.98 dB。跨鞋履实验(赤足、滑板鞋、运动鞋、高跟鞋)在多表面环境下进一步验证了对鞋履引起的接触变化具有强鲁棒性适应能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Humanoid robots operating in human-centered environments (e.g., homes, hospitals, and offices) must mitigate foot--ground impact transients, as impact-induced vibration and noise degrade user experience and repeated impacts accelerate hardware wear. However, existing low-noise locomotion training often relies on kinematic proxy objectives or fragile force sensors, and footwear-induced changes in contact dynamics introduce distribution shifts that hinder policy generalization.We present QuietWalk, a physics-informed reinforcement learning framework for ground-reaction-force-aware humanoid locomotion under diverse footwear conditions. QuietWalk employs an inverse-dynamics-constrained physics-informed neural network (PINN) to estimate per-foot vertical ground reaction forces (GRFs) from proprioceptive signals, and integrates the frozen predictor into the RL training loop to penalize predicted impact forces without requiring force sensors at deployment.On a held-out real-robot dataset, enforcing inverse-dynamics consistency reduces vertical GRF prediction errors by 82%-86% compared with a purely supervised predictor and improves the coefficient of determination from 0.39/0.67 to 0.99/0.99 for the left/right feet. On hardware at 1.2 m/s (barefoot; averaged over four floor materials), QuietWalk reduces mean A-weighted noise level by 7.17 dB and peak noise level by 4.98 dB under a consistent recording setup. Cross-footwear experiments (barefoot, skate shoes, athletic sneakers, and high heels) across multiple surfaces further demonstrate robust adaptation to footwear-induced contact variations.

人形机器人降噪行走物理信息网络鞋履适应

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