arXiv:2604.24086cs.ROcs.AI2026-04被引 4

解决云控机器人因延迟导致导航错位的问题,让指令自动对齐物理位置。

AsyncShield: A Plug-and-Play Edge Adapter for Asynchronous Cloud-based VLA Navigation

论文配图:AsyncShield: A Plug-and-Play Edge Adapter for Asynchronous Cloud-based VLA Navigation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用物理运动模型把延迟转化为空间偏移,精准还原指令原本的几何意图。
  • 实测在仿真和真实场景中提升导航成功率,碰撞率下降超过40%。
  • 无需微调云端大模型,可即插即用,适合部署在边缘设备的机器人系统。

尽管视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型在机器人控制中展现出强大的零样本泛化能力,但其庞大的参数量通常需要依赖云端部署。然而,云端部署带来的网络抖动和推理延迟会引发移动导航中的严重时空错位问题,使过去视角帧中表达的过时指令在当前帧中出现空间偏差,进而导致碰撞。为此,我们提出AsyncShield,一种即插即用的异步控制框架。该框架摒弃传统黑箱时间序列预测,转而采用确定性的物理白箱空间映射机制。通过维护时间姿态缓冲区并利用运动学变换,系统可准确将时间延迟转换为空间姿态偏移,恢复VLA原始几何意图。为平衡意图还原精度与物理安全,边缘适配被建模为约束马尔可夫决策过程(CMDP),并采用PPO-Lagrangian算法求解,实现动态权衡:既追踪VLA指令,又响应高频激光雷达避障硬约束。此外,得益于标准化的通用子目标接口、领域随机化及基于碰撞半径膨胀的感知层适应,AsyncShield作为轻量化模块运行。仿真与真实世界实验表明,无需微调任何云端基础模型,该框架即可实现零样本、鲁棒泛化,显著提升异步导航的成功率与物理安全性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have been demonstrated possessing strong zero-shot generalization for robot control, their massive parameter sizes typically necessitate cloud-based deployment. However, cloud deployment introduces network jitter and inference latency, which can induce severe spatiotemporal misalignment in mobile navigation under continuous displacement, so that the stale intents expressed in past ego frames may become spatially incorrect in the current frame and lead to collisions. To address this issue, we propose AsyncShield, a plug-and-play asynchronous control framework. AsyncShield discards traditional black-box time-series prediction in favor of a deterministic physical white-box spatial mapping. By maintaining a temporal pose buffer and utilizing kinematic transformations, the system accurately converts temporal lag into spatial pose offsets to restore the VLA's original geometric intent. To balance intent restoration fidelity and physical safety, the edge adaptation is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP). Solved via the PPO-Lagrangian algorithm, a reinforcement learning adapter dynamically trades off between tracking the VLA intent and responding to high-frequency LiDAR obstacle avoidance hard constraints. Furthermore, benefiting from a standardized universal sub-goal interface, domain randomization, and perception-level adaptation via Collision Radius Inflation, AsyncShield operates as a lightweight, plug-and-play module. Simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate that, without fine-tuning any cloud-based foundation models, the framework exhibits zero-shot and robust generalization capabilities, effectively improving the success rate and physical safety of asynchronous navigation.

机器人导航异步控制边缘计算VLA模型

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