arXiv:2604.24196stat.MLcs.LG2026-04

提出可识别与稳定的新生成模型框架,证明拉普拉斯核在数据分布恢复中更优。

Identifiability and Stability of Generative Drifting in the Companion-Elliptic Kernel Family

  • 设计伴椭圆核族,通过零场条件唯一确定数据分布
  • 证明高斯核放大高频误差,马特恩核则具多项式控制优势
  • 适用于需要严格误差分析的生成建模任务

漂移模型是一种一步生成器,通过将样本沿核加权吸引向数据点、排斥模型点来训练,直至场消失。该方法有效性依赖两个问题:零场平衡是否对应数据分布,以及小场时误差如何控制。本文引入伴椭圆核类(含拉普拉斯核),证明其零场可唯一识别任意Borel概率测度及其块积扩展。标量伴椭圆核即高斯与马特恩族;去卷积(从核平滑密度恢复测度)仅当核傅里叶变换零集无内点时可行。在近似平衡下,质量逃逸反例表明:有界区域场信息无法控制全局误差。因此,我们建立显式稳定性不等式,误差由观测区场残差与外部卷积质量共同决定。其中高斯核仅需场值但指数放大高频误差,而马特恩核需额外一阶导数信息,换取多项式放大。由于高频差异随频率呈指数扩大,马特恩族占优,故拉普拉斯核为优选。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

A drifting model is a one-step generator trained by moving each sample along a field of kernel-weighted attraction toward data samples and repulsion between model samples; training halts once this field vanishes. The soundness of this scheme rests on two questions: whether a zero-field equilibrium guarantees agreement with the data distribution, and how the error is controlled when the field is small. We answer both questions. We introduce the companion-elliptic kernel class, which contains the Laplace kernel, and prove that a vanishing field identifies arbitrary Borel probability measures within this class and its blockwise product extension. The scalar companion-elliptic kernels are exactly the Gaussian and Matérn families, and deconvolution, the recovery of a measure from its kernel-smoothed density, is possible precisely when the zero set of the kernel's Fourier transform has empty interior. At approximate equilibria, a mass-escape counterexample shows that field information on a bounded region cannot control the global error. We therefore prove an explicit stability inequality bounding the error by the field residual on the observation region plus the convolution mass outside it. In this inequality the Gaussian kernel requires only field values but amplifies high-frequency errors exponentially, whereas the Matérn kernel requires one additional order of derivative information in exchange for polynomial amplification. Since this gap widens exponentially with frequency, the balance favors the Matérn family and hence the Laplace kernel.

生成模型核方法稳定性分析拉普拉斯核

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