用可信环境保护私有数据,让系统自动验证代码是否符合论文描述。
Agentic Witnessing: Pragmatic and Scalable TEE-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Auditing
- 将验证从执行记录转为推理过程,通过三角色协作完成
- 在21篇论文的代码库上验证5个高级属性,准确率高且不暴露原始数据
- 适合需要隐私保护审计的研究者和开源项目评审团队
审计专有数据的语义特性存在根本矛盾:验证需要透明访问,而产权要求保密。尽管零知识证明(ZKPs)可保障隐私,但通常仅适用于精确的代数约束,难以验证代码逻辑等定性、非结构化属性。本文提出「代理见证」(Agentic Witnessing)框架,将验证从证实执行转向证实推理。系统包含验证者(希望检查数据集属性)、证明者(拥有数据集)和审计者(审查数据集)三个角色。验证者可向审计者提出有限数量的简单二元真/假问题。通过将基于大模型的审计者隔离在可信执行环境(TEE)中,系统使验证者能以布尔查询方式访问证明者的私有数据,而不暴露原始数据。审计者使用模型上下文协议(MCP)动态检查目标数据集,生成是/否结论及密码学证明——一份签名哈希链,将推理过程与原始数据及TEE硬件信任根绑定。我们通过自动化21篇已发布代码的计算机科学论文的成果物评估流程(例如:代码库是否实现论文所述系统),验证了该架构。对这些代码库中的5个高层次属性进行验证,将源代码视为私有。结果表明,基于TEE的代理审计机制实现了隐私保护的监督,有效解耦了定性验证与数据披露需求。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Auditing the semantic properties of proprietary data creates a fundamental tension: verification requires transparent access, while proprietary rights demand confidentiality. While Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) ensure privacy, they are typically limited to precise algebraic constraints and are ill-suited for verifying qualitative, unstructured properties, such as the logic within a codebase. We propose {\em Agentic Witnessing}, a framework that moves verification from attested execution to {\em attested reasoning}. The system is composed of three agents: a Verifier (who wants to check properties of a dataset), a Prover (who owns the dataset) and an Auditor (that inspects the dataset). The Verifier is allowed to ask a limited number of simple binary true/false questions to the auditor. By isolating an LLM-based Auditor within a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), the system enables the Verifier to query a Prover's private data via simple Boolean queries, without exposing the raw dataset. The Auditor uses the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to dynamically inspect the target dataset, producing a yes/no verdict accompanied by a cryptographic transcript: a signed hash chain binding the reasoning trace to both the original dataset and the TEE's hardware root of trust. We demonstrate this architecture by automating the artifact evaluation process for 21 peer-reviewed computer science papers with released codebases on GitHub (e.g. Does the codebase implement the system described in the paper?). We verified five high-level properties of these codebases described in the corresponding publications, treating the source code as private. Our results show that TEE-enabled agentic auditing provides a mechanism for privacy-preserving oversight, effectively decoupling qualitative verification from the need for data disclosure.
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