arXiv:2604.24933cs.AIcs.SD2026-04中稿 · IEEE ICASSP 2026

用输出嵌入蒸馏音频大模型,让小模型更轻更快还保持高精度。

S-SONDO: Self-Supervised Knowledge Distillation for General Audio Foundation Models

论文配图:S-SONDO: Self-Supervised Knowledge Distillation for General Audio Foundation Models
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 仅用模型输出的嵌入向量进行无监督知识蒸馏。
  • 压缩后模型最小达原尺寸1/61,性能保留96%。
  • 适合部署在边缘设备的轻量级音频模型研发者。

通用音频基础模型近期取得显著进展,在多种任务上表现优异。然而,当前先进模型参数量巨大,常达数亿,导致推理成本高,难以在边缘设备部署。知识蒸馏是模型压缩的有效策略,但以往音频领域的研究多依赖有监督设置,需使用类别逻辑值、中间特征或特定架构技术,无法适用于仅输出嵌入向量的自监督或度量学习模型。本文提出S-SONDO(Self-Supervised KnOwledge DistillatioN for General AuDio FOundation Models),首个仅利用输出嵌入实现通用音频模型蒸馏的框架。通过避免对逻辑值或层间对齐的需求,S-SONDO具备架构无关性,可广泛应用于基于嵌入的教师模型。我们通过将两个音频基础模型蒸馏为三个高效学生模型,验证其有效性:模型最小可达原规模的1/61,同时性能保留最高达96%。此外,我们还提供了损失函数选择及基于聚类的平衡数据采样等实用建议。代码已开源:https://github.com/MedAliAdlouni/ssondo。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

General audio foundation models have recently achieved remarkable progress, enabling strong performance across diverse tasks. However, state-of-the-art models remain extremely large, often with hundreds of millions of parameters, leading to high inference costs and limited deployability on edge devices. Knowledge distillation is a proven strategy for model compression, but prior work in audio has mostly focused on supervised settings, relying on class logits, intermediate features, or architecture-specific techniques. Such assumptions exclude models that output only embeddings, such as self-supervised or metric-learning models. We introduce S-SONDO (Self-Supervised KnOwledge DistillatioN for General AuDio FOundation Models), the first framework to distill general audio models using only their output embeddings. By avoiding the need for logits or layer-level alignment, S-SONDO is architecture-agnostic and broadly applicable to embedding-based teachers. We demonstrate its effectiveness by distilling two audio foundation models into three efficient students that are up to 61 times smaller while retaining up to 96% of teacher performance. We also provide practical insights on loss choice and clustering-based balanced data sampling. Code is available here: https://github.com/MedAliAdlouni/ssondo.

知识蒸馏音频模型轻量化自监督

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