统一实时可微渲染的3D表示，兼顾光线追踪效率与光栅化速度。
Power Foam: Unifying Real-Time Differentiable Ray Tracing and Rasterization
- 用可控范围的幂图替代传统泡沫结构，实现空间有界且无需训练时三角剖分。
- 通过定向表面建模界面，将几何与外观解耦，纹理直接嵌入表面。
- 在保持顶级光线追踪性能的同时，光栅化速度媲美最新3DGS，适合实时渲染应用。
我们提出一种新的可微3D表示，融合基于泡沫的光线追踪能力与现代光栅化管线的高效性。以往的泡沫表示虽支持常数时间光线遍历，但其可能无界的单元阻碍了高效的基于瓦片的光栅化。为此，我们通过将Voronoi泡沫推广至可控单元范围的有界幂图，避免训练时昂贵的Delaunay三角剖分，实现空间有界原语。进一步引入定向表面形式化，显式建模内部与外部区域间的界面，并通过在这些表面上嵌入可微纹理，实现几何与外观解耦。上述贡献共同使得该表示在保持顶尖光线追踪效率的同时，达到与当前主流3DGS相当的光栅化性能，为统一实时可微渲染提供了可行路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We introduce a differentiable 3D representation that unifies the ray tracing capabilities of foam-based ray tracing with the efficiency of modern rasterization pipelines. While prior foam representations enable constant-time ray traversal through an explicit volumetric partition of space, their potentially unbounded cells hinder efficient tile-based rasterization. We address this limitation by generalizing Voronoi foams to bounded power diagrams with controllable cell extents, enabling spatially bounded primitives without requiring expensive Delaunay triangulations during training. We further introduce an oriented surface formulation that explicitly models interfaces between interior and exterior regions, and decouple geometry from appearance by embedding differentiable texture directly on these surfaces. Together, these contributions yield a representation that preserves state-of-the-art ray tracing efficiency while achieving rasterization performance competitive with current generation 3DGS, providing a practical path toward unified real-time differentiable rendering.
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