arXiv:2604.25050cs.RO2026-04被引 1

离散扩散策略天然支持异步执行,提升动态任务成功率。

DiscreteRTC: Discrete Diffusion Policies are Natural Asynchronous Executors

论文配图:DiscreteRTC: Discrete Diffusion Policies are Natural Asynchronous Executors
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用离散扩散模型逐步解码动作,原生支持边执行边思考
  • 真实场景下击球防守任务成功率提升65%,推理速度更快
  • 无需额外代码和微调,适配复杂动态任务的智能体

与聊天机器人不同,物理人工智能必须在世界持续变化中行动。同步执行中的块间停顿对动态任务是致命的,无论推理速度多快。异步执行——边思考边行动——是结构性需求,实时分块(RTC)通过将块间转换重构为修复(inpainting)使其可行:冻结已确定动作,持续生成剩余部分。然而,基于流匹配的RTC结构上不优:其修复依赖推理时修正而非基础策略,导致预训练收益小、需特定微调、依赖启发式引导,并增加计算开销。本文发现,离散扩散策略通过迭代去遮掩生成动作,天然适合异步执行,可一次性解决所有问题:无需微调,因修复即其本征操作;早期停止提供自适应引导并降低推理成本。我们提出DiscreteRTC,用原生去遮掩替代外部修正,在动态模拟基准与真实世界动态操控任务上均优于连续RTC及其他基线。总结:仅需0行额外代码即可实现异步修复,推理仅需约0.7倍计算量(相比从头生成),在真实世界曲棍球防守任务中成功率比流匹配RTC高65%,比训练时流匹配RTC高30%。更多可视化见 https://outsider86.github.io/DiscreteRTCSite/。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Unlike chatbots, physical AI must act while the world keeps evolving. Therefore, the inter-chunk pause of synchronous executors are fatal for dynamic tasks regardless of how fast the inference is. Asynchronous execution -- thinking while acting -- is therefore a structural requirement, and real-time chunking (RTC) makes it viable by recasting chunk transitions as inpainting: freezing committed actions and consistently generating the remainder. However, RTC with flow-matching policy is structurally suboptimal: its inpainting comes from inference-time corrections rather than the base policy, yielding little pre-training benefit, specific fine-tuning, heuristic guidance, and extra computation that inflates the latency. In this work, we observe that discrete diffusion policies, which generate actions by iteratively unmasking, are natural asynchronous executors that resolve all limitations at once: they are fine-tuning free since inpainting is their native operation, while early stopping further provides adaptive guidance and reduces inference cost. We propose DiscreteRTC, which replaces external corrections with native unmasking, and show on dynamic simulated benchmarks and real-world dynamic manipulation tasks that it achieves higher success rates than continuous RTC and other baselines. In summary, DiscreteRTC is simpler to implement with 0 lines of additional code to enable async inpainting, faster at inference with only ~0.7 computation compared with generating actions from scratch, and better at execution with 65% higher success rate in real-world hockey defend task compared with flow-matching RTC, and 30% higher compared with training-time flow-matching RTC. More visualizations are on https://outsider86.github.io/DiscreteRTCSite/.

异步执行扩散模型智能体动态任务

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