arXiv:2604.25611cs.CLcs.SD2026-04

WhisperPipe让大模型实时语音识别更省资源,延迟更低且内存稳定。

WhisperPipe: A Resource-Efficient Streaming Architecture for Real-Time Automatic Speech Recognition

  • 混合语音检测+动态缓冲,减少误触发并避免切段丢信息
  • 端到端延迟中位数89毫秒,峰值显存降低48%
  • 适合边缘设备部署,长时运行内存零增长

实时语音识别系统在转录准确率与计算效率之间存在根本权衡,尤其在部署Whisper等大规模Transformer模型时。现有流式方案要么通过激进分块牺牲准确率,要么因无界上下文累积导致高昂内存开销。我们提出WhisperPipe,一种新型流式架构,通过三项创新实现有限内存消耗同时保持高质量转录:结合Silero VAD与能量滤波的混合语音活动检测,将误激活减少34%;带有重叠上下文窗口的动态缓冲机制,防止段边界信息丢失;基于语音特征自适应调整处理策略,平衡延迟与准确率。在2.5小时多样化音频上评估,WhisperPipe实现中位端到端延迟89毫秒(第90百分位142毫秒),相比基线模型峰值GPU内存降低48%,平均GPU利用率下降80.9%。系统在150分钟连续运行中内存使用稳定,增长率为零。对比分析显示,WhisperPipe准确率与离线Whisper相差不超过2% WER,而延迟仅为现有流式方案的1/3至1/5。其模块化设计可部署于从边缘设备到云基础设施的各类环境。结果表明,精心的架构设计可在生产级ASR系统中协调实时响应与模型复杂度的矛盾。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Real-time automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems face a fundamental trade-off between transcription accuracy and computational efficiency, particularly when deploying large-scale transformer models like Whisper. Existing streaming approaches either sacrifice accuracy through aggressive chunking or incur prohibitive memory costs through unbounded context accumulation. We present WhisperPipe, a novel streaming architecture that achieves bounded memory consumption while maintaining transcription quality through three key innovations a hybrid Voice Activity Detection (VAD) pipeline combining Silero VAD with energy-based filtering to reduce false activations by 34%, a dynamic buffering mechanism with overlapping context windows that prevents information loss at segment boundaries, and an adaptive processing strategy that balances latency and accuracy based on speech characteristics. Evaluated on 2.5 hours of diverse audio data, WhisperPipe demonstrates a median end-to-end latency of 89ms (90th percentile: 142ms) while consuming 48% less peak GPU memory and 80.9% lower average GPU utilization compared to baseline Whisper implementations. The system maintains stable memory usage over extended sessions, with zero growth rate across 150-minute continuous operation. Comparative analysis against related work shows that WhisperPipe achieves competitive accuracy (WER within 2% of offline Whisper) while operating at 3-5x lower latency than existing streaming solutions. The architecture's modular design enables deployment across resource-constrained environments, from edge devices to cloud infrastructure. Our results demonstrate that careful architectural design can reconcile the competing demands of real-time responsiveness and model sophistication in production ASR systems.

语音识别流式处理资源优化边缘计算

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