用平面高斯点云建模无线辐射场,提升物理准确性和预测精度。
Planar Gaussian Splatting with Bilinear Spatial Transformer for Wireless Radiance Field Reconstruction

- 提出平面高斯点云框架,直接在角度域渲染空间谱。
- 引入双线性空间变换器,捕捉远距离电磁依赖关系,提升整体一致性。
- 在空间谱合成任务中显著优于现有方法,适合无线环境建模研究者。
无线辐射场(WRF)重建旨在从3D空间和方向上学习连续可查询的射频特性表示,从而预测特定量(如给定发射机位置时接收机的空间功率谱,SPS)。尽管基于高斯点云(GS)的方法已超越基于神经辐射场(NeRF)的方法,但现有方案多移植视觉流水线,限制了物理可解释性和准确性。本文提出BiSplat-WRF,一种平面高斯点云框架,在保持3D GS表达能力的同时,去除冗余投影,并引入全局电磁耦合与原始体间的相互散射。每个原始体为具有3D坐标的2D平面高斯分布,直接在SPS的角域渲染。双线性空间变换器(BST)在角网格上聚合原始体间关系,并通过注意力机制捕捉长程电磁依赖,实现全局感知的电磁交互,反映无线环境的复杂物理特性。在空间谱合成任务中,BiSplat-WRF在结构相似性指数(SSIM)上超越基于NeRF及先前基于GS的基线;全面消融实验验证了BST的有效性。此外,我们还提供了计算成本更高的BiSplat-WRF+变体,进一步提升SSIM,为未来研究提供强基准。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Wireless radiance field (WRF) reconstruction aims to learn a continuous, queryable representation of radio frequency characteristics over 3D space and direction, from which specific quantities, such as the spatial power spectrum (SPS) at a receiver given a transmitter position, can be predicted. While Gaussian splatting (GS)-based method has surpassed Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF)-based method for this task, existing adaptations largely transplant vision pipelines, limiting physical interpretability and accuracy. We introduce BiSplat-WRF, a planar GS framework that retains the expressiveness of 3D GS while removing unnecessary projections and incorporating global EM coupling and mutual scattering among primitives. Each primitive is a 2D planar Gaussian with 3D coordinates, rendered directly on the angular domain of the SPS. A bilinear spatial transformer (BST) aggregates inter-primitive relations on an angular grid and, via attention, captures long-range electromagnetic dependencies, thereby enforcing globally aware EM interactions that reflect the complex physics of the wireless environment. On spatial spectrum synthesis task, BiSplat-WRF surpasses NeRF-based and prior GS-based baselines with respect to the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM); comprehensive ablation studies validate the contribution of BST. We also provide a larger BiSplat-WRF+ variant that further increases SSIM at a higher computation cost, serving as a strong reference for future studies.
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