用内存为中心的多芯粒架构,显著降低百万级上下文注意力延迟。
AMMA: A Multi-Chiplet Memory-Centric Architecture for Low-Latency 1M Context Attention Serving

- 以内存为核心,用HBM-PNM立方体替代GPU算力芯片,提升带宽
- 实现15.5倍更低延迟、6.9倍更少能耗,对比NVIDIA H100
- 适合长上下文推理与智能体任务,硬件设计可参考优化
当前大模型服务系统均以GPU为中心,从生产级注意力-前馈解耦到NVIDIA Rubin异构平台,甚至学术级存内计算(PIM/PNM)方案也以GPU为跨设备通信枢纽。然而GPU高算力架构与解码阶段注意力的内存密集特性严重不匹配,导致服务延迟升高,且大量算力单元闲置造成功耗与面积浪费。随着推理与智能体工作负载将上下文长度推至百万级,注意力延迟成为主要用户感知瓶颈。为此,我们提出AMMA——一种面向低延迟长上下文注意力服务的多芯粒内存中心架构。AMMA以HBM-PNM立方体替代GPU算力芯片,内存带宽约翻倍,更好支持内存密集型注意力任务。为充分释放带宽优势,我们引入:(i) 逻辑芯片微架构,以极小功耗与面积预算充分利用每立方体内带宽;(ii) 两级混合并行机制;(iii) 重排序集体通信流程,降低芯粒间通信开销。进一步开展针对每立方体算力与芯粒间链路带宽的设计空间探索,为硬件设计提供可操作指导。评估显示,AMMA相比NVIDIA H100实现15.5倍更低注意力延迟与6.9倍更低能耗。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
All current LLM serving systems place the GPU at the center, from production-level attention-FFN disaggregation to NVIDIA's Rubin GPU-LPU heterogeneous platform. Even academic PIM/PNM proposals still treat the GPU as the central hub for cross-device communication. Yet the GPU's compute-rich architecture is fundamentally mismatched with the memory-bound nature of decode-phase attention, inflating serving latency while wasting power and die area on idle compute units. The problem is compounded as reasoning and agentic workloads push context lengths toward one million tokens, making attention latency the primary user-facing bottleneck. To address these inefficiencies, we present AMMA, a multi-chiplet, memory-centric architecture for low-latency long-context attention. AMMA replaces GPU compute dies with HBM-PNM cubes, roughly doubling the available memory bandwidth to better serve memory-bound attention workloads. To translate this bandwidth into proportional performance gains, we introduce (i) a logic-die microarchitecture that fully exploits per-cube internal bandwidth for decode attention under a minimal power and area budget, (ii) a two-level hybrid parallelism scheme, and (iii) a reordered collective flow that reduces intra-chip die-to-die communication overhead. We further conduct a design-space exploration over per-cube compute power and intra-chip D2D link bandwidth, providing actionable guidance for hardware designers. Evaluations show that AMMA achieves 15.5X lower attention latency and 6.9X lower energy consumption compared with the NVIDIA H100.
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