arXiv:2604.26404cs.CV2026-04

用少量样本实现工业物体快速检测,无需大量标注。

Decoupled Prototype Matching with Vision Foundation Models for Few-Shot Industrial Object Detection

论文配图:Decoupled Prototype Matching with Vision Foundation Models for Few-Shot Industrial Object Detection
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于视觉大模型构建类别原型,通过特征匹配识别新物体。
  • 相比现有无训练方法,检测准确率提升6.9%(AP)。
  • 仅需几张参考图即可上新物体,适合频繁换货的工厂场景。

工业物体检测系统通常依赖大规模标注数据集,但在物品频繁更替的工业场景中,数据收集和维护成本高昂。本文针对少样本物体检测问题,提出一种利用视觉基础模型实现最小监督下的物体识别框架。该方法从少量参考样本中提取特征表示,构建类别原型;推理时,通过分割模型生成候选区域,提取特征并与原型进行相似性匹配。在三个来自6D物体位姿估计算法基准的工业数据集上,采用官方2D检测评估协议进行测试,结果表明该方法性能具有竞争力,相比最先进的无训练检测方法,平均精度(AP)提升6.9%。此外,本方法仅需少量参考图像即可完成新物体部署,无需CAD模型或大规模标注数据集,适用于真实工业环境中的快速迭代应用。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Industrial object detection systems typically rely on large annotated datasets, which are expensive to collect and challenging to maintain in industrial scenarios where the inventory of objects changes frequently. This work addresses the challenge of few-shot object detection in such industrial scenarios, where only a limited number of labeled samples are available for newly introduced objects. We present a detection framework that leverages vision foundation models to recognize objects with minimal supervision. The method constructs class prototypes from a small set of reference samples by extracting feature representations. For a given query scene during inference, object regions are generated using a segmentation model, and feature embeddings are extracted and matched with class prototypes using similarity matching. We evaluate the detection method on three established industrial datasets from the Benchmark for 6D Object Pose Estimation benchmark following the official 2D object detection evaluation protocol. We demonstrate competitive detection performance, improving AP by 6.9% compared to the state-of-the-art training-free detection methods. Furthermore, the presented method is able to onboard new objects using only a few reference images, without requiring any CAD models or large annotated datasets. These properties make the approach well-suited for real-world industrial applications.

少样本检测工业视觉视觉大模型

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