用量子启发的通道混洗技术,压缩目标检测模型体积,提升效率。
QYOLO: Lightweight Object Detection via Quantum Inspired Shared Channel Mixing

- 用共享参数的正弦混洗块替换深层瓶颈模块,实现全局通道重校准。
- 模型参数减少20%以上,计算量降低12%,精度损失不足0.4个百分点。
- 适合部署在资源受限设备上的实时目标检测任务,尤其关注轻量化设计。
单阶段目标检测模型在实时视觉感知中占据主导地位,其计算开销主要来自深层骨干网络。在高步长层级(P4/16 和 P5/32)的 C2f 模块因通道数呈平方级增长而积累大量参数。本文提出 QYOLO,采用量子启发的通道混洗框架,将两个最深的 C2f 模块替换为紧凑的 QMixBlock。该模块通过共享可学习参数的正弦混洗机制,实现全局通道重要性重校准,无需每层独立参数。检测头和颈部保持不变。在 VisDrone2019 基准测试中,QYOLOv8n 参数量从 3.01M 降至 2.40M(减少 20.2%),计算量降低 12.3%,仅损失 0.4 个百分点 mAP@50;QYOLOv8s 减少 21.8%,精度损失仅 0.1 个百分点。结合知识蒸馏后可完全恢复精度,无额外成本。扩展骨干+颈部变体可实现 38%~41% 压缩,但精度下降更大,因此最终选择仅压缩骨干的设计。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid advancement of object detection architectures has positioned single stage detectors as the dominant solution for real-time visual perception. A primary source of computational overhead in these models lies in the deep backbone stages, where C2f bottleneck modules at high stride levels accumulate a disproportionate share of parameters due to quadratic scaling with channel width. This work introduces QYOLO, a quantum-inspired channel mixing framework that achieves genuine architectural compression by replacing the two deepest backbone C2f modules at P4/16 (512 channels) and P5/32 (1024 channels) with a compact QMixBlock. The proposed block performs global channel recalibration through a sinusoidal mixing mechanism with shared learnable parameters across both backbone stages, enforcing consistent channel importance without requiring independent per-stage parameter sets. The neck and detection head remain fully classical and unchanged. Evaluation on the VisDrone2019 benchmark demonstrates that QYOLOv8n achieves a 20.2% reduction in parameter count (3.01M to 2.40M) and 12.3% GFLOPs reduction with only 0.4 pp mAP@50 degradation. QYOLOv8s achieves 21.8% reduction with 0.1 pp degradation. When combined with knowledge distillation, full accuracy parity is recovered at no cost to compression. An expanded backbone plus neck variant achieved 38 to 41% reduction at the cost of greater accuracy degradation, motivating the backbone-only final design.
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