分离任务与文档知识空间,提升多文档参数化检索增强生成的稳定性。
Decoupling Knowledge and Task Subspaces for Composable Parametric Retrieval Augmented Generation

- 将任务行为与文档知识分别编码在正交子空间中训练。
- 多文档合并时,错误累积减少,生成结果更稳定可靠。
- 适合需要组合多个文档信息的复杂问答场景。
参数化检索增强生成(PRAG)将外部文档编码为轻量级参数模块,可在推理时检索并融合,是上下文检索增强的有力替代方案。然而,现有许多PRAG方法使用任务监督训练文档适配器,导致适配器同时包含文档特定事实和可复用的任务求解行为。这种耦合性使适配器组合不可靠:当多个适配器在推理时合并,其重叠的任务行为会叠加,与文档特定更新混合,降低合并后适配器的稳定性与专注度。为此,我们探索正交子空间分解(OSD),一种将可复用任务行为与文档特定知识分离的适配器训练方式。具体地,先训练一个任务LoRA以捕捉通用任务行为,再在正交子空间中训练文档LoRA以编码文档特异性知识。该设计提供了一种可控方式,检验正交化对多文档PRAG中适配器组合的影响。在多个知识密集型任务及不同模型规模下的实验表明,该正交化策略能显著提升参数化RAG的组合鲁棒性,尤其在融合多个文档适配器时效果更优。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Parametric Retrieval-Augmented Generation (PRAG) encodes external documents into lightweight parameter modules that can be retrieved and merged at inference time, offering a promising alternative to in-context retrieval augmentation. Despite its potential, many PRAG implementations train document adapters with task-supervised objectives, which may cause each adapter to encode both document-specific facts and reusable task-solving behavior. This entanglement may make adapter composition less reliable: when multiple adapters are merged at inference time, their overlapping task behaviors can accumulate together with document-specific updates, potentially making the merged adapter less stable and less focused on the intended document knowledge. To examine this issue, we explore Orthogonal Subspace Decomposition (OSD), an adapter-training setup that separates reusable task behavior from document-specific knowledge adapters. Concretely, we first train a Task LoRA to capture reusable task behavior, and then train document LoRAs to encode document-specific knowledge in a orthogonal subspace. This setup provides a controlled way to examine how orthogonalizing task and document LoRA updates affects adapter composition in multi-document PRAG. Experiments across multiple knowledge-intensive tasks and model scales suggest that this orthogonalization strategy can improve compositional robustness in parametric RAG, especially when multiple document adapters are merged.
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