arXiv:2604.27132cs.AI2026-04

构建去中心化AI审计框架,解决大模型推理中的可信、安全与隐私问题。

TRUST: A Framework for Decentralized AI Service v.0.1

论文配图:TRUST: A Framework for Decentralized AI Service v.0.1
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用分层有向图拆解推理链,实现分布式并行审核
  • 达72.4%准确率,抗20%数据污染,根因定位率达70%
  • 适合需要可信AI决策的金融、医疗等高风险场景

高风险领域的大规模推理模型(LRMs)与多智能体系统(MAS)亟需可靠验证,但中心化方案存在四大缺陷:鲁棒性差(单点故障易受攻击和偏见)、可扩展性弱(推理复杂度致瓶颈)、透明度低(隐藏审计削弱信任)、隐私不足(推理痕迹暴露易遭模型窃取)。我们提出TRUST(透明、鲁棒、统一的可信AI服务)去中心化框架,包含三项创新:(i) 分层有向无环图(HDAGs)将思维链分解为五级抽象,支持并行分布式审计;(ii) DAAN协议将多智能体交互投影为因果交互图(CIGs),实现确定性根因归因;(iii) 多层级共识机制,由计算检查者、大语言模型评估者与人类专家构成,采用质押加权投票,可在30%恶意参与下保证正确性。我们证明了安全-收益定理,确保诚实审计者获利,恶意者受损。所有决策上链记录,隐私设计保障专有逻辑不可重构。在多个大模型与基准测试中,TRUST达到72.4%准确率(较基线高4-18%),对20%污染仍具韧性。DAAN实现70%根因定位率(优于标准方法54-63%),节省60%令牌。人类实验验证设计有效性(F1=0.89,Brier=0.074)。该框架支持(A1)去中心化审计、(A2)防篡改排行榜、(A3)无需信任的数据标注、(A4)受控自治代理,开创可信推理系统去中心化审计新范式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) and Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) in high-stakes domains demand reliable verification, yet centralized approaches suffer four limitations: (1) Robustness, with single points of failure vulnerable to attacks and bias; (2) Scalability, as reasoning complexity creates bottlenecks; (3) Opacity, as hidden auditing erodes trust; and (4) Privacy, as exposed reasoning traces risk model theft. We introduce TRUST (Transparent, Robust, and Unified Services for Trustworthy AI), a decentralized framework with three innovations: (i) Hierarchical Directed Acyclic Graphs (HDAGs) that decompose Chain-of-Thought reasoning into five abstraction levels for parallel distributed auditing; (ii) the DAAN protocol, which projects multi-agent interactions into Causal Interaction Graphs (CIGs) for deterministic root-cause attribution; and (iii) a multi-tier consensus mechanism among computational checkers, LLM evaluators, and human experts with stake-weighted voting that guarantees correctness under 30% adversarial participation. We prove a Safety-Profitability Theorem ensuring honest auditors profit while malicious actors incur losses. All decisions are recorded on-chain, while privacy-by-design segmentation prevents reconstruction of proprietary logic. Across multiple LLMs and benchmarks, TRUST attains 72.4% accuracy (4-18% above baselines) and remains resilient against 20% corruption. DAAN reaches 70% root-cause attribution (vs. 54-63% for standard methods) with 60% token savings. Human studies validate the design (F1 = 0.89, Brier = 0.074). The framework supports (A1) decentralized auditing, (A2) tamper-proof leaderboards, (A3) trustless data annotation, and (A4) governed autonomous agents, pioneering decentralized AI auditing for safe, accountable deployment of reasoning-capable systems.

去中心化AI模型审计多智能体可信推理

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