多智能体系统越合作,越可能集体犯错,关键在于架构内耗而非能力不足。
The Inverse-Wisdom Law: Architectural Tribalism and the Consensus Paradox in Agentic Swarms

- 发现智能体群组倾向内部一致而非事实正确,形成反向智慧效应。
- 实验显示加入逻辑型智能体反而增加错误路径稳定性,错误率升至100%。
- 适合关注AI安全、系统可靠性及多智能体协同的开发者与研究者。
随着AI向多智能体系统(MAS)演进以解决复杂任务,现有研究普遍假设智能体协作可实现类似‘群体智慧’的效果。本文提出‘共识悖论’:在以亲缘性主导的智能体群中,系统优先追求内部架构一致性,而非外部逻辑真实性。通过覆盖3个SOTA基准(GAIA、Multi-Challenge、SWE-bench)的36项实验,共分析12,804条轨迹,验证了‘反向智慧定律’:在亲缘性主导的群组中,增加逻辑型智能体不仅未提升正确路径概率,反而增强了错误路径的稳定性。引入额外逻辑审计后,系统进入‘逻辑饱和’状态——内部熵趋近于零,但事实错误率升至100%。通过对三大主流模型(Gemini 3.1 Pro、Claude Sonnet 4.6、GPT-5.4)的交互分析,揭示‘架构部落主义不对称性’是变压器权重的机制性规律。结果表明,群组最终完整性严格受合成器接收逻辑制约,而非整体智能体质量。定义‘部落主义系数’与‘谄媚权重’为群组失效的核心机制因素。最终确立‘异质性强制要求’作为弹性智能体架构的基础安全准则。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As AI transitions toward multi-agent systems (MAS) to solve complex workflows, research paradigms operate on the axiomatic assumption that agent collaboration mirrors the "Wisdom of the Crowd". We challenge this assumption by formalizing the Consensus Paradox: a phenomenon where agentic swarms prioritize internal architectural agreement over external logical truth. Through a 36 experiments encompassing 12,804 trajectories across three state-of-the-art (SOTA) benchmarks (GAIA, Multi-Challenge, and SWE-bench), we prove the Inverse-Wisdom Law: in kinship-dominant swarms, adding logical agents increases the stability of erroneous trajectories rather than the probability of truth. The introduction of additional logical audits converges the system toward a Logic Saturation where internal entropy hits zero while factual error hits unity. By evaluating the interaction between the 3 preeminent SOTA models (Gemini 3.1 Pro, Claude Sonnet 4.6, and GPT-5.4), we establish the Architectural Tribalism Asymmetry as a mechanistic law of transformer weights. We demonstrate that terminal swarm integrity is strictly gated by the synthesizer's receptive logic, rather than aggregate agent quality. We define the Tribalism Coefficient and the Sycophantic Weight as the primary mechanistic determinants of swarm failure. Finally, we establish the Heterogeneity Mandate as a foundational safety requirement for resilient agentic architectures.
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