arXiv:2604.27411cs.LG2026-04

提出局部专家增长机制,让视觉强化学习模型在环境变化时自动修正动作。

Detecting is Easy, Adapting is Hard: Local Expert Growth for Visual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning under Distribution Shift

论文配图:Detecting is Easy, Adapting is Hard: Local Expert Growth for Visual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning under Distribution Shift
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用冻结的JEPA表示进行问题索引,仅在局部添加残差专家修正动作。
  • 在四种分布外场景下显著提升性能,同时保持原任务表现稳定。
  • 适合需要持续适应新环境的机器人控制场景,避免重复训练。

视觉模型基于强化学习(MBRL)代理在训练分布上表现良好,但在测试环境发生分布偏移时往往失效。在视觉MBRL中,识别偏移通常较容易,难点在于将识别结果转化为有效的动作级修正。我们评估了多种应对策略,包括规划惩罚、直接微调、全局残差修正和粗粒度门控,发现这些方法要么未提升闭环控制性能,要么损害分布内(ID)表现。基于此,我们提出JEPA-Indexed Local Expert Growth:利用冻结的JEPA表示仅作问题索引,而聚类特定的残差专家在原始控制器之上添加局部动作修正,不修改基线控制器。通过配对自举评估,发现原始的简单偏好变体在更严格测试下不稳定;而更难的配对变体在所有四个评估的偏移条件下均实现统计显著的分布外(OOD)改进,同时维持ID性能。学习到的专家在相同偏移再次出现时仍有效,支持适应是渐进式知识积累而非重复全量重训的观点。此外,简单密度模型可实现自动的分布内拒绝,但对分布外子类别间的精细区分受限于表示能力。结果表明,在分布偏移下的视觉MBRL中,核心挑战并非察觉环境变化,而是识别后实施正确的局部动作修正。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Visual model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) agents can perform well on the training distribution, but often break down once the test environment shifts. In visual MBRL, recognizing that a shift has occurred is often the easier part; the harder part is turning that recognition into useful action-level correction. We study several ways of responding to shift, including planning penalties, direct fine-tuning, global residual correction, and coarse gating. In our experiments, these approaches either do not improve closed-loop control or hurt in-distribution (ID) performance. Based on these negative results, we propose JEPA-Indexed Local Expert Growth. The method uses a frozen JEPA representation only for problem indexing, while cluster-specific residual experts add local action corrections on top of the original controller. The baseline controller itself is not modified. Using paired-bootstrap evaluation, we find that the original naive-preference variant is not stable under stricter testing. In contrast, the harder-pair variant produces statistically significant OOD improvements on all four evaluated shift conditions while preserving ID performance. The learned experts also remain useful when the same shift is encountered again, which supports the view of adaptation as incremental knowledge growth rather than repeated full retraining. We further show that automatic ID rejection can be achieved with simple density models, whereas fine-grained discrimination among OOD sub-families is limited by the representation. Overall, the results indicate that, for visual MBRL under distribution shift, the main challenge is not simply noticing that the environment has changed, but applying the right local action correction after the change has been recognized.

强化学习分布外视觉控制专家系统

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。