arXiv:2604.27574cs.LGcs.AI2026-04

提出统一张量框架,高效构建大规模MIMO的统计信道指纹。

Statistical Channel Fingerprint Construction for Massive MIMO: A Unified Tensor Learning Framework

论文配图:Statistical Channel Fingerprint Construction for Massive MIMO: A Unified Tensor Learning Framework
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用张量统一表示信道统计信息,结合协方差与角谱关系降维。
  • 在低测量成本下实现高精度重建,优于现有方法。
  • 适合资源受限的信道估计场景,如隐私保护通信系统。

信道指纹(CF)被视为实现大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中信道状态信息(CSI)获取的关键技术。本文研究一种新型的信道指纹,即在每个潜在位置存储统计CSI(sCSI)的统计信道指纹(sCF)。具体而言,揭示了sCSI(即信道空间协方差矩阵,CSCM)与信道功率角谱(CPAS)之间的关系。基于此,构建sCF的统一张量表示,并通过CSCM的特征值分解及其与角谱的相关性实现降维。考虑到测量成本、隐私与安全的实际约束,聚焦三种典型场景,统一建模为张量恢复任务。为此,提出统一的张量学习架构LPWTNet:采用闭式拉普拉斯金字塔(LP)分解与重构框架,替代传统编码器-解码器结构,实现高效推理并捕捉sCF的多尺度频带特性;引入共享掩码学习策略,通过逐层调整自适应优化高频分量;进一步提出基于小核波变换(WT)的卷积机制,解耦sCF不同频率成分的卷积操作,提升特征提取效率。大量实验表明,该方法在多种sCF构建场景下均达到优于前沿基准的重建精度与计算效率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Channel fingerprint (CF) is considered a key enabler for facilitating the acquisition of channel state information (CSI) in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. In this work, we investigate a novel type of CF that stores statistical CSI (sCSI) at each potential location, referred to as statistical CF (sCF). Specifically, we reveal the relationship between sCSI, namely the channel spatial covariance matrix (CSCM), and the channel power angular spectrum (CPAS). Building on this foundation, we construct a unified tensor representation of the sCF and further reduce its dimension by exploiting the eigenvalue decomposition of the CSCM and its correlation with the PAS. Considering the practical constraints imposed by measurement cost, privacy, and security, we focus on three representative scenarios and uniformly formulate them as tensor restoration tasks. To this end, we propose a unified tensor-based learning architecture, termed LPWTNet. The architecture incorporates a closed-form Laplacian pyramid (LP) decomposition and reconstruction framework that replaces the traditional encoder-decoder structure, enabling efficient inference while capturing multi-scale frequency subband characteristics of the sCF. Additionally, a shared mask learning strategy is introduced to adaptively refine high-frequency sCF components through level-wise adjustments. To achieve a larger receptive field without over-parameterization, we further propose a small-kernel convolution mechanism based on the wavelet transform (WT), which decouples convolution across different frequency components of the sCF and enhances feature extraction efficiency. Extensive experiments show that the proposed approach delivers competitive reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency across various sCF construction scenarios when compared with state-of-the-art baselines.

大规模MIMO信道指纹张量学习统计信道

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