用分层场景图匹配提升机器人定位精度,支持零样本泛化。
Learning-Based Hierarchical Scene Graph Matching for Robot Localization Leveraging Prior Maps

- 构建含层级关系的语义边,端到端学习分层匹配。
- 在真实激光雷达环境上F1分数超越传统方法,速度提升10倍。
- 适合需利用建筑信息模型进行定位的机器人系统。
准确的定位是自主机器人在室内环境中运行的基本要求。场景图将环境的空间结构编码为语义实体及其关系的层次结构,可从机器人传感器数据在线构建,也可通过建筑信息模型(BIM)等先验离线生成。匹配这两种互补表示,可通过已知结构先验校正SLAM中的漂移。然而,可靠地建立二者之间的节点对应关系仍是一个开放挑战:现有组合方法在大规模下计算开销过大,而先前的基于学习的方法仅处理扁平图匹配,忽略了两种表示中均存在的多级语义结构。本文提出一种学习型、端到端可微的管道,为两个图增补语义驱动的边类型,编码层级内与层级间关系,显式利用层次结构实现从高层房间概念到低层墙表面的同步匹配。仅在平面图上训练,该方法在真实激光雷达环境中的F1分数优于组合基线,且运行速度提升一个数量级,证明了其在BIM辅助机器人定位中的可行零样本泛化能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate localization is a fundamental requirement for autonomous robots operating in indoor environments. Scene graphs encode the spatial structure of an environment as a hierarchy of semantic entities and their relationships, and can be constructed both online from robot sensor data and offline from architectural priors such as Building Information Models (BIM). Matching these two complementary representations enables drift correction in SLAM by grounding robot observations against a known structural prior. However, establishing reliable node-to-node correspondences between them remains an open challenge: existing combinatorial methods are prohibitively expensive at scale, and prior learned approaches address only flat graph matching, ignoring the multi-level semantic structure present in both representations. Here we present a learned, end-to-end differentiable pipeline that augments both graphs with semantically motivated edge types encoding intra- and inter- level relationships, explicitly exploiting this hierarchy to enable simultaneous matching from high-level room concepts down to low-level wall surfaces. Trained exclusively on floor plans, the proposed method outperforms the combinatorial baseline in F1 on real LiDAR environments while running an order of magnitude faster, demonstrating viable zero-shot generalization for BIM-assisted robot localization.
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