arXiv:2604.28016cs.CVcs.GR2026-04International Conf…

提出结构感知的3D高斯点云优化方法,加速收敛并提升高频细节重建质量。

Faster 3D Gaussian Splatting Convergence via Structure-Aware Densification

论文配图:Faster 3D Gaussian Splatting Convergence via Structure-Aware Densification
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过多尺度频率分析判断高斯点是否需分裂,实现非均匀分裂。
  • 在标准数据集上收敛速度提升约3倍,高频纹理重建更清晰。
  • 适合需要快速高质量3D重建的实时渲染与数字孪生场景。

3D高斯点云已成为实现实时新视角合成的强大场景表示方法。然而,其标准自适应密度控制依赖于屏幕空间位置梯度,无法区分几何错位与频率混叠,常导致高频纹理模糊或过度密集化。本文提出一种结构感知的稠密化框架。核心思想是:高斯点是否应分裂,取决于其投影屏幕空间范围与所代表纹理局部结构的对比。引入结合结构张量与拉普拉斯尺度空间分析的多尺度频率分析,估计每个像素的主导频率,实现跨不同纹理尺度的鲁棒监督。基于此分析,定义了每高斯、每轴的频率违反度量η,指示原始高斯可能无法解析局部纹理细节。不同于各向同性分裂(如将每个高斯均分为两个形状一致的小高斯),本方法执行各向异性分裂:对η较高的轴,计算分裂因子以更好解析局部频率内容。进一步引入多视图一致性准则,聚合多个视角的η观测值。通过早期且快速地进行稠密化,跳过基线方法所需的长时间迭代稠密化阶段,显著加快收敛。在标准基准测试中,该方法不仅收敛更快,且在高频区域重建质量更优。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

3D Gaussian Splatting has emerged as a powerful scene representation for real-time novel-view synthesis. However, its standard adaptive density control relies on screen-space positional gradients, which do not distinguish between geometric misplacement and frequency aliasing, often leading to either over-blurred high-frequency textures or inefficient over-densification. We present a structure-aware densification framework. Our key insight is that the decision to subdivide a Gaussian should be driven by an explicit comparison between its projected screen-space extent and the local structure of the texture it seeks to represent. We introduce a multi-scale frequency analysis combining structure tensors with Laplacian scale space analysis to estimate the dominant frequency at each pixel, enabling robust supervision across varying texture scales. Based on this analysis, we define $η$, a per-Gaussian, per-axis frequency violation metric that indicates when a primitive may be under-resolving local texture details. Unlike methods that perform isotropic splitting (e.g., splitting each Gaussian into two smaller ones with uniform shape), our approach performs anisotropic splitting. For each axis with high $η$, we compute a split factor to better resolve the local frequency content. We further introduce a multiview consistency criterion that aggregates $η$ observations across multiple views. By performing densification early and faster, we skip the lengthy iterative densification phases required by baseline methods and achieve significantly faster convergence. Experiments on standard benchmarks demonstrate that our method also achieves superior reconstruction quality, particularly in high-frequency regions.

3D高斯点云重建高频纹理加速收敛

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