用呼吸模型消除气管镜导航中的屏气需求,实现动态解剖重建。
Stop Holding Your Breath: CT-Informed Gaussian Splatting for Dynamic Bronchoscopy

- 基于吸呼双期CT构建患者特异性呼吸变形模型,将运动简化为单个呼吸相位。
- 在无屏气条件下实现1.22mm定位精度,训练速度提升20倍以上。
- 适用于需要连续动态导航的支气管镜手术,尤其适合呼吸不稳患者。
支气管镜导航依赖术前CT与内镜视频的配准,但呼吸运动使气道变形达5-20毫米,导致CT与实际解剖偏离,影响定位精度。临床常采用屏气协议以匹配静态CT,但难以重复且扰乱流程。本文提出无需屏气的方法:利用已有的吸气-呼气双期CT,隐式定义患者特异性的呼吸变形空间。通过配准两期CT,将呼吸运动降维为每帧一个标量呼吸相位,约束所有重建仅限于解剖可观察构型。将该表示嵌入网格锚定高斯点云框架,由轻量级估计器直接从内镜RGB推断呼吸相位,实现整个呼吸周期的连续、形变感知重建。为支持定量评估,我们提出RESPIRE——一种物理驱动的支气管镜仿真管道,提供逐帧几何、位姿、呼吸相位和形变的真值。在RESPIRE上的实验表明,本方法实现几何保真重建,训练速度提升20倍以上,目标定位精度达1.22毫米(优于3毫米临床容差),显著优于无约束单CT基线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Bronchoscopic navigation relies on registering endoscopic video to a preoperative CT scan, but respiratory motion deforms the airway by 5-20 mm, creating CT-to-body divergence that limits localization accuracy. In practice, this is mitigated through breath-hold protocols, which attempt to match the intraoperative anatomy to a static CT, but are difficult to reproduce and disrupt clinical workflow. We propose to eliminate the need for breath-hold protocols by leveraging patient-specific respiratory modeling. Paired inhale-exhale CT scans, already acquired for planning, implicitly define the patient-specific deformation space of the breathing airway. By registering these scans, we reduce respiratory motion to a single scalar breathing phase per frame, constraining all reconstructions to anatomically observed configurations. We embed this representation within a mesh-anchored Gaussian splatting framework, where a lightweight estimator infers breathing phase directly from endoscopic RGB, enabling continuous, deformation-aware reconstruction throughout the respiratory cycle without breath-holds or external sensing. To enable quantitative evaluation, we introduce RESPIRE, a physically grounded bronchoscopy simulation pipeline with per-frame ground truth for geometry, pose, breathing phase, and deformation. Experiments on RESPIRE show that our approach achieves geometrically faithful reconstruction, over 20x faster training, and 1.22 mm target localization accuracy (within the 3mm clinically relevant tolerances) outperforming unconstrained single-CT baselines. Please check out our website for additional visuals: https://asdunnbe.github.io/RESPIRE/
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