arXiv:2605.00334cs.AIcs.CL2026-05

小模型也能胜任多数日常任务,大模型只在复杂规划中占优。

AgentFloor: How Far Up the tool use Ladder Can Small Open-Weight Models Go?

  • 构建六层能力阶梯基准,测试小模型在工具调用中的表现
  • 0.27B~32B模型已可完成大部分短周期任务,最强开源模型逼近GPT-5性能
  • 长周期规划仍需大模型,但两者均未达可靠水平,干预效果因模型而异

生产级智能体系统每用户请求调用多次模型,且多数调用为短时、结构化、常规操作。这引出一个现有评估未直接回答的实际问题:代理工作流中哪些环节真正需要前沿大模型,哪些可由小模型处理?我们提出AgentFloor,一个由30个任务构成的确定性六层能力阶梯基准,涵盖指令遵循、工具使用、多步协调及长期规划下的持续约束管理。我们在16,542次评分运行中评估了16个开源模型(参数量0.27B至32B)和GPT-5。结果揭示明确的能力边界:小型与中型开源模型已足以应对主导真实代理流水线的短周期结构化任务;总体而言,最强开源模型在本基准上达到与GPT-5相当的表现,且显著更便宜、更快。差距最明显于需长期协调与可靠约束追踪的任务,此时前沿模型仍有优势,但双方均未实现强可靠性。我们还发现该边界非单纯由规模决定:部分失败可通过针对性干预缓解,但效果具模型特异性。这些发现提示实际设计原则:对常规动作使用小模型,仅将大模型保留用于真正需要深度规划与控制的少数任务。我们公开基准、工具链、超参配置与全部运行数据集。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Production agentic systems make many model calls per user request, and most of those calls are short, structured, and routine. This raises a practical routing question that existing evaluations do not directly answer: which parts of an agent workflow truly require large frontier intelligence, and which can be handled by smaller models? We introduce AgentFloor, a deterministic 30-task benchmark organized as a six-tier capability ladder, spanning instruction following, tool use, multi-step coordination, and long-horizon planning under persistent constraints. We evaluate 16 open-weight models, from 0.27B to 32B parameters, alongside GPT-5 across 16,542 scored runs. Our results reveal a clear boundary of model necessity. Small and mid-sized open-weight models are already sufficient for much of the short-horizon, structured tool use work that dominates real agent pipelines, and in aggregate, the strongest open-weight model matches GPT-5 on our benchmark while being substantially cheaper and faster to run. The gap appears most clearly on long-horizon planning tasks that require sustained coordination and reliable constraint tracking over many steps, where frontier models still hold an advantage, though neither side reaches strong reliability. We also find that this boundary is not explained by scale alone: some failures respond to targeted interventions, but the effects are model-specific rather than universal. These findings suggest a practical design principle for agentic systems: use smaller open-weight models for the broad base of routine actions, and reserve large frontier models for the narrower class of tasks that truly demand deeper planning and control. We release the benchmark, harness, sweep configurations, and full run corpus.

智能体小模型工具使用基准评测

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。