arXiv:2605.00412cs.AIcs.RO2026-05

用哈密顿力学构建可物理可信的动态世界模型,提升机器人长期决策能力。

Physically Native World Models: A Hamiltonian Perspective on Generative World Modeling

论文配图:Physically Native World Models: A Hamiltonian Perspective on Generative World Modeling
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将观测映射到相空间,用哈密顿动力学演化状态并控制轨迹
  • 在真实机器人场景中实现更稳定、可解释、数据高效的长时预测
  • 适合研究物理建模与具身智能的学者,尤其关注可控生成与规划

世界模型正重新成为具身智能、机器人、自动驾驶和基于模型的强化学习的核心范式。然而,当前研究主要分为三类:强调视觉未来合成的2D视频生成模型、注重空间重建的3D场景中心模型,以及强调抽象预测表征的JEPA类隐变量模型。尽管各有进展,仍难以提供物理可信、可操控且长时稳定的预测,以支持具身决策。本文指出,世界模型的瓶颈已不仅是能否生成逼真未来,更在于其未来是否具有物理意义并可用于行动。为此,我们提出“哈密顿世界模型”,从物理本源出发建模:将观测编码为结构化隐相空间,通过含控制、耗散与残差项的哈密顿型动力学演化状态,解码生成未来观测序列,并用于规划。我们讨论了哈密顿结构如何提升可解释性、数据效率与长时稳定性,同时指出现实机器人场景中摩擦、接触、非保守力与变形物体带来的实际挑战。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

World models have recently re-emerged as a central paradigm for embodied intelligence, robotics, autonomous driving, and model-based reinforcement learning. However, current world model research is often dominated by three partially separated routes: 2D video-generative models that emphasize visual future synthesis, 3D scene-centric models that emphasize spatial reconstruction, and JEPA-like latent models that emphasize abstract predictive representations. While each route has made important progress, they still struggle to provide physically reliable, action-controllable, and long-horizon stable predictions for embodied decision making. In this paper, we argue that the bottleneck of world models is no longer only whether they can generate realistic futures, but whether those futures are physically meaningful and useful for action. We propose \emph{Hamiltonian World Models} as a physically grounded perspective on world modeling. The key idea is to encode observations into a structured latent phase space, evolve the latent state through Hamiltonian-inspired dynamics with control, dissipation, and residual terms, decode the predicted trajectory into future observations, and use the resulting rollouts for planning. We discuss how Hamiltonian structure may improve interpretability, data efficiency, and long-horizon stability, while also noting practical challenges in real-world robotic scenes involving friction, contact, non-conservative forces, and deformable objects.

世界模型哈密顿动力学具身智能物理建模

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