解决异构图模型跨类型特征错位问题,提升多领域知识迁移能力。
Empowering Heterogeneous Graph Foundation Models via Decoupled Relation Alignment

- 分离关系结构与语义特征,通过低秩子空间对齐实现跨类型交互
- 在多个真实数据集上显著提升GFM的跨域与少样本迁移性能
- 适合作为通用预处理模块,可无缝集成到现有图模型中
尽管图基础模型(GFMs)在同质图上取得显著进展,将其扩展到多领域异构图(MDHGs)仍面临巨大挑战,主要源于跨类型特征偏移和域内关系差异。现有全局特征对齐方法(如PCA或SVD)强制共享特征空间,扭曲了类型特异性语义并破坏原有拓扑结构,导致不可避免的“类型坍缩”和“关系混淆”。为此,我们提出解耦关系子空间对齐(DRSA),一种新型、即插即用的关系驱动对齐框架。DRSA从根本上转变范式,将特征语义与关系结构解耦。具体而言,引入双关系子空间投影机制,在共享的低秩关系子空间中显式协调跨类型交互;同时设计特征-结构解耦表示,将对齐后的特征分解为语义投影分量与结构残差项,自适应吸收域内变化。通过基于块坐标下降的稳定交替最小化策略优化,构建出校准良好、结构感知的潜在空间。在多个真实世界基准数据集上的大量实验表明,DRSA可作为通用预处理模块无缝集成,显著且一致地增强先进GFMs的跨域及少样本知识迁移能力。代码已公开:https://github.com/zhengziyu77/DSRA。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) have achieved remarkable success in homogeneous graphs, extending them to multi-domain heterogeneous graphs (MDHGs) remains a formidable challenge due to cross-type feature shifts and intra-domain relation gaps. Existing global feature alignment methods (PCA or SVD) enforce a shared feature space blindly, which distorts type-specific semantics and disrupts original topologies, inevitably leading to "Type Collapse" and "Relation Confusion". To address these fundamental limitations, we propose Decoupled relation Subspace Alignment (DRSA), a novel, plug-and-play relation-driven alignment framework. DRSA fundamentally shifts the paradigm by decoupling feature semantics from relation structures. Specifically, it introduces a dual-relation subspace projection mechanism to coordinate cross-type interactions within a shared low-rank relation subspace explicitly. Furthermore, a feature-structure decoupled representation is designed to decompose aligned features into a semantic projection component and a structural residual term, adaptively absorbing intra-domain variations. Optimized via a stable alternating minimization strategy based on Block Coordinate Descent, DRSA constructs a well-calibrated, structure-aware latent space. Extensive experiments on multiple real-world benchmark datasets demonstrate that DRSA can be seamlessly integrated as a universal preprocessing module, significantly and consistently enhancing the cross-domain and few-shot knowledge transfer capabilities of state-of-the-art GFMs. The code is available at: https://github.com/zhengziyu77/DSRA.
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