提出新型非刚性点云配准方法,计算效率更高且可解释性更强。
Structured Analytic Coherent Point Drift for Non-Rigid Point Set Registration

- 用结构化解析映射替代传统高斯核,降低计算复杂度。
- 通过分阶段升阶策略逐步优化形变,提升配准精度。
- 适合大规模点云配准,尤其适用于需要可解释性的场景。
Coherent Point Drift(CPD)是无监督非刚性点集配准的代表性概率框架。其标准非刚性M步依赖于随移动点数增长的点索引高斯核系统,导致大点集下形变估计计算开销大且复杂度难控。为此,我们提出Analytic-CPD,一种新的无监督非刚性配准框架,对CPD进行结构化解析重构。Analytic-CPD保留了CPD的后验对应层,但将M步从点索引核位移估计提升为结构化解析映射估计。通过结合CPD的高斯混合后验机制与结构化解析映射(SAM),该方法获得的形变模型系数维度由环境维数和解析阶数决定,而非移动点数量。更重要的是,形变估计被组织在可解释的解析函数空间层级中,解析阶数可随后验对应可靠性逐步提升。我们通过逐阶升阶、阶段长度递减的策略实现这一思想:低阶解析映射先稳定后验对应结构,高阶模式随后精修非线性残差形变。在可控模型匹配、平滑模型不匹配及已注册人体形状数据上的实验表明,Analytic-CPD具有有效性与优越的精度-效率表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Coherent Point Drift (CPD) is a representative probabilistic framework for unsupervised non-rigid point set registration. Its standard non-rigid M-step, however, relies on a point-indexed Gaussian-kernel system whose size grows with the number of moving points, making deformation estimation computationally heavy for large point sets and difficult to control in complexity during registration. To address these limitations, we propose Analytic-CPD, a new unsupervised non-rigid registration framework that gives CPD a structured analytic reformulation. Analytic-CPD preserves the CPD posterior correspondence layer, but lifts the M-step from point-indexed kernel displacement estimation to structured analytic mapping estimation. By coupling the Gaussian-mixture posterior mechanism of CPD with Structured Analytic Mappings (SAM), the method obtains a deformation model whose coefficient dimension is governed by the ambient dimension and analytic order rather than by the number of moving points. More importantly, deformation estimation is organized over an interpretable hierarchy of analytic function spaces, so the analytic order can be increased progressively as posterior correspondences become more reliable. We implement this idea through an increasing-degree continuation strategy with decreasing stage lengths: low-order analytic maps first stabilize the posterior correspondence structure, while higher-order modes later refine nonlinear residual deformation. Experiments on controlled model-matched, smooth model-mismatch, and registered human-shape data demonstrate the effectiveness and favorable accuracy--efficiency performance of Analytic-CPD.
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