arXiv:2605.01367quant-phcs.LG2026-05

用量子门组层析数据直接生成高保真量子线路,跳过传统两步流程。

From Characterization To Construction: Generative Quantum Circuit Synthesis from Gate Set Tomography Data

论文配图:From Characterization To Construction: Generative Quantum Circuit Synthesis from Gate Set Tomography Data
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 从门组层析数据中学习生成概念空间,直接合成目标分布的线路。
  • 通过扩散模型采样并结合协方差矩阵去噪,提升输出线路保真度。
  • 适合复杂校准的近中期量子设备,可捕捉串扰等共享噪声环境。

在嘈杂中尺度量子设备上实现高保真电路执行受限于忽略复杂关联噪声的传统编译流程。本文提出一种量子机器学习控制(QMLC)框架,直接从门组层析(GST)数据生成量子线路,跳过先通过GST表征原生量子门再用酉分解算法的两步流程。方法将GST基线电路分词并嵌入结构化潜在空间,采用课程学习策略从短线路逐步引入更长且统计多样的线路;使用集合视觉变压器与置换不变池化处理嵌入序列,生成表示设备概念空间的k种子向量。跨多个电路聚合数据使潜在表示具备上下文感知能力,捕捉孤立门指标遗漏的共享物理噪声(如串扰、漂移)。提出无条件扩散模型从概念空间采样,在推理时用户输入目标测量分布,模型生成对应线路;为确保保真度与鲁棒性,输出通过作用于目标条件协方差矩阵的扩散模型去噪。该端到端框架是迈向从原始GST数据直接进行上下文感知、硬件原生线路合成的关键一步,为量子控制与编译融合提供新范式。该框架特别适用于校准复杂的近中期量子设备。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

High-fidelity circuit execution on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is bottlenecked by compilation pipelines that disregard complex, correlated noise. To address this, this methodology article proposes a quantum machine learning control (QMLC) framework for generative quantum circuit synthesis from gate-set tomography (GST) data that bypasses the traditional two-step pipeline of characterizing native quantum gates via GST followed by unitary decomposition algorithms. Instead, a generative concept space is directly learnt from GST data, enabling conditional synthesis of quantum circuits on a desired output distribution. Our approach tokenizes GST germ circuits and embeds them into a structured latent space using a curriculum-learning-motivated strategy, starting with short circuits and progressively incorporating longer ones with diverse output statistics. The embedded sequences are processed by a set-vision transformer with permutation-invariant pooling, producing k-seed vectors that represent the learned concept space of the quantum device. Aggregating data across multiple circuits makes this latent representation inherently context-aware, capturing the shared physical noise environment (e.g., crosstalk, drift) that isolated gate metrics miss. We propose an unconditional diffusion model to sample from the concept space. During inference, a user provides a target measurement distribution, and the model generates a corresponding circuit. To ensure fidelity and robustness, the output is denoised using a diffusion model that operates on the target conditional covariance matrix. This end-to-end framework is a step towards context-aware, hardware-native circuit synthesis directly from raw GST data, which offers a new paradigm for integrating quantum control and compilation. The QMLC framework is particularly suited for near-term quantum devices with complex calibration procedures.

量子计算生成模型噪声建模硬件感知

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