arXiv:2605.01418cs.AI2026-05

TimeTok让时间序列生成可自由控制细节程度,从粗略草图到精细数据都能生成。

TimeTok: Granularity-Controllable Time-Series Generation via Hierarchical Tokenization

论文配图:TimeTok: Granularity-Controllable Time-Series Generation via Hierarchical Tokenization
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过分层标记法将时间序列从粗到细编码为有序令牌序列
  • 支持任意目标粒度生成,且在标准生成任务中达到顶尖性能
  • 可作为通用分词器跨数据集迁移,提升模型泛化能力

时间序列生成模型通常无法控制时间粒度,用户只能接受模型默认输出。为实现真正由用户主导的生成,我们提出 TimeTok,一个统一的粒度可控时间序列生成框架(GC-TSG),能从任意更粗糙的输入(如粗略草图)或从零开始生成任意目标粒度的时间序列。TimeTok 的核心是分层标记策略,将时间序列映射为从粗到细的有序令牌序列。其自回归生成过程在不同粒度层级间进行,生成令牌块后解码为连续时间序列。该设计自然支持完整的生成谱系,包括标准生成,其中控制令牌块数量即可显式调控输出细节。实验表明,TimeTok 在粒度可控生成任务中表现卓越,同时在标准生成任务中达到当前最优水平。此外,我们展示 TimeTok 作为基础分词器的潜力:在多个具有异构时间粒度的数据集上训练,验证了其强大的可迁移性,始终优于单一数据集训练的模型。据我们所知,这是首个覆盖时间序列生成全谱系的统一框架,为需处理多样化时间粒度的模型提供了重要基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Time-series generative models often lack control over temporal granularity, forcing users to accept whatever granularity the model produces. To enable truly user-driven generation, we introduce TimeTok, a unified framework for Granularity-Controllable Time-Series Generation (GC-TSG), which generates time series at any target granularity from any coarser input (e.g., rough sketches) or from scratch. At the core of TimeTok is a hierarchical tokenization strategy that maps time series into an ordered sequence of tokens, from coarse to fine temporal granularity. Our autoregressive generation process operates across these granularity levels, producing token blocks that are decoded back into continuous time series. This design naturally enables GC-TSG - including standard generation - within a single framework, where controlling the number of token blocks provides explicit control over output detail. Experiments show that TimeTok excels at GC-TSG tasks while achieving state-of-the-art performance in standard generation. Furthermore, we showcase TimeTok's potential as a foundational tokenizer by training on multiple datasets with heterogeneous temporal granularities, verifying strong transferability that consistently outperforms models trained on individual datasets. To our knowledge, this is the first unified framework that covers the full generative spectrum for time series, offering a valuable foundation for models that benefit from diverse temporal granularities.

时间序列生成分层标记粒度控制

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