arXiv:2605.01420cs.AI2026-05

模型能力分布不均是优化资源分配不均导致的,非智商高低问题。

Artificial Jagged Intelligence as Uneven Optimization Energy Allocation Capability Concentration, Redistribution, and Optimization Governance

  • 将训练视为有限预算下的能量分配,用梯度更新方向建模能力发展。
  • 证明早期能量集中会带来能力差距,且无法通过单纯扩大规模消除。
  • 提出正则化与辅助目标可重构优化场,适合研究模型偏差与训练设计者。

人工锯齿智能(AJI)指大型学习系统在局部能力突出但其他领域薄弱或脆弱的反复出现模式。本文将AJI形式化为优化压力的不均衡分配。将训练建模为参数空间中沿能力相关方向分配梯度驱动更新能量的有限预算过程。锯齿型能力轮廓源于目标结构的各向异性、数据几何与表征耦合,而非单一的‘智能’量。论文定义了能力增益、优化能量占比与锯齿度,并证明累积更新能量的持续集中会带来能力增益离散性的下界。有限预算权衡定理表明:优先发展某一能力会损害其他能力,除非存在正向耦合或共享结构抵消成本。分析还研究了能量方差正则化与辅助结构目标等再分配机制,作为重塑优化场的干预手段。该框架连接了能力非均匀涌现、训练架构与优化治理。预测:早期更新能量集中可预示后期能力锯齿性;窄目标下的扩展未必消除各向异性;明确资助的辅助目标可唤醒被忽视的能力。因此,AJI不仅是对不均衡行为的描述,更是一种关于有限优化资源如何导致能力集中、延迟与结构性不均的可验证理论。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Artificial Jagged Intelligence (AJI) denotes a recurring pattern in which large learning systems exhibit strong local capabilities while remaining weak or brittle in other domains. This paper develops a formal theory of AJI as uneven allocation of optimization pressure. We model training as a finite-budget process that distributes gradient-driven update energy across capability-relevant directions in parameter space. In this model, jagged capability profiles arise from anisotropic objective structure, data geometry, and representational coupling rather than from a single scalar quantity called intelligence. The paper defines capability gain, optimization energy share, and jaggedness, then proves that persistent concentration of cumulative update energy yields lower bounds on dispersion in capability gains. A finite-budget tradeoff theorem shows why prioritizing one capability can impose opportunity costs on others unless positive coupling or shared structure offsets the cost. The analysis also studies redistribution mechanisms, including energy-variance regularization and auxiliary structural objectives, as interventions that reshape the optimization field. The resulting framework links uneven emergence, training architecture, and optimization governance. It predicts that early concentration of update energy should forecast later capability jaggedness; that scaling under a narrow objective need not eliminate anisotropy; and that explicitly funded auxiliary objectives can revive neglected capabilities. AJI is therefore not merely a descriptive label for uneven model behavior, but a testable theory of how finite optimization resources produce concentrated, delayed, and structurally uneven capability formation.

模型偏差优化机制能力分布

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