arXiv:2605.01758cs.AI2026-05

提出无需训练的局部净化框架,提前预测并清除多智能体系统中的感染。

Catching the Infection Before It Spreads: Foresight-Guided Defense in Multi-Agent Systems

论文配图:Catching the Infection Before It Spreads: Foresight-Guided Defense in Multi-Agent Systems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过模拟未来交互轨迹,智能体自主诊断感染
  • 将感染率从超95%降至5.47%以下
  • 适合需要高安全性的协作式多智能体系统

基于大模型的多智能体系统(MAS)通过专业化智能体协同解决复杂问题,但易受传染性越狱攻击影响——单个智能体被攻破后可蔓延至其他智能体,导致大规模失效。现有防御方法依赖共享“解药因子”进行全局修复,却使智能体响应趋同,仅表面抑制而非真正恢复。本文指出:传染性越狱源于局部交互行为,而现有防御机制在全局层面运作,存在根本错配。为此,提出无需训练的前瞻性局部净化(FLP)框架:每个智能体通过模拟后续对话轮次的行为演化来追踪潜在感染。为应对多智能体系统的多样性,引入多人格模拟策略以增强预测鲁棒性。利用不同人格预测结果之间的不一致性(检索与语义层面)作为诊断信号识别感染。对感染智能体,实施局部净化:近期感染采用即时相册回滚,长期感染则使用递归二分诊断(RBD),递归划分相册并定位清除病毒对抗样本(VirAE)。实验表明,FLP将最大累计感染率从超过95%降至5.47%以下;同时,检索与语义指标接近良性基准,有效保留了交互多样性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large multimodal model-based Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) enable collaborative complex problem solving through specialized agents. However, MASs are vulnerable to infectious jailbreak, where compromising a single agent can spread to others, leading to widespread compromise. Existing defenses counter this by training a more contagious cure factor, biasing agents to retrieve it over virus adversarial examples (VirAEs). However, this homogenizes agent responses, providing only superficial suppression rather than true recovery. We revisit these defenses, which operate globally via a shared cure factor, while infectious jailbreak arise from localized interaction behaviors. This mismatch limits their effectiveness. To address this, we propose a training-free Foresight-Guided Local Purification (FLP) framework, where each agent reasons over future interactions to track behavioral evolution and eliminate infections. Specifically, each agent simulates future behavioral trajectories over subsequent chat rounds. To reflect diversity in MASs, we introduce a multi-persona simulation strategy for robust prediction across interaction contexts. We then use response diversity as a diagnostic signal to detect infection by analyzing inconsistencies across persona-based predictions at both retrieval-result and semantic levels. For infected agents, we apply localized purification: recent infections are mitigated via immediate album rollback, while long-term infections are handled using Recursive Binary Diagnosis (RBD), which recursively partitions the image album and applies the same diagnosis strategy to localize and eliminate VirAEs. Experiments show that FLP reduces the maximum cumulative infection rate from over 95% to below 5.47%. Moreover, retrieval and semantic metrics closely match benign baselines, indicating effective preservation of interaction diversity.

多智能体安全防御越狱攻击局部净化

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