用智能体工具调用序列执行网络流程,提升自动化效率。
Beyond State Machines: Executing Network Procedures with Agentic Tool-Calling Sequences

- 让大模型智能体通过调用工具序列完成网络操作
- 封装流程的单工具模式可降低延迟并减少错误
- 揭示长流程执行存在可靠性瓶颈,适合网络自动化研究者
智能体式AI将成为未来移动通信系统的关键技术,可实现灵活定制服务、自动化复杂网络操作,并推动全网自主决策。本文研究基于大语言模型(LLM)的网络智能体如何通过工具调用序列执行网络流程。我们对比了四种方法,差异在于智能体获取流程的方式以及执行在智能体与底层工具间的分配方式。以用户设备(UE)IP分配为例,评估了各方法的延迟与执行正确性。此外,还进行了压力测试,考察LLM智能体能可靠执行的连续步骤数量。结果表明,依赖迭代式智能体推理的方法延迟更高且易出错;而将流程封装于单一工具中、由其内部调用其他工具协调步骤的方法,可显著降低延迟。压力测试显示,具备高级工具调用能力的模型能处理更长流程,但所有模型在流程变长时均出现可靠性下降,揭示多步工具工作流的明确执行上限。为此,我们提出一种面向流程的错误分类体系,用于系统分析多步执行中的偏差。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Agentic AI will be an essential enabling technology for designing future mobile communication systems, which could provide flexible and customized services, automate complex network operations, and drive autonomous decision-making across the network. This work studies how Large Language Model (LLM)-based network AI agents can be utilized to execute network procedures expressed as sequences of tool invocations. We investigate four approaches, which differ in how the agent obtains the procedure and in how execution is distributed between the agent and the underlying tools. We evaluated the latency and execution correctness across these approaches using a User Equipment (UE) IP allocation procedure as a case study. Furthermore, we conduct a stress test to examine how many sequential procedural steps an LLM agent can reliably execute before failure. Our results show that approaches relying on iterative agent-side reasoning incur higher latency and are more prone to execution errors, while approaches where the procedure is encapsulated within a single tool, which internally orchestrates the required steps by invoking other tools, reduce latency by limiting repeated reasoning. The stress-test results further show that the model with advanced tool-calling capability maintains reliable execution over longer procedures than the other evaluated models; however, all models exhibit reliability degradation as procedure length increases, revealing clear execution limits in multi-step tool-based workflows. To systematically analyze failures in procedure execution, we introduce a procedure-specific error taxonomy that categorizes deviations in multi-step procedural execution.
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