arXiv:2605.03315cs.CVcs.RO2026-05

TACO融合惯性与卫星图像定位,实现高精度低成本实时定位。

TACO: Trajectory Aligning Cross-view Optimisation

论文配图:TACO: Trajectory Aligning Cross-view Optimisation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用紧耦合的惯性+图像匹配,仅需一次初始定位即可持续运行。
  • 在KITTI数据集上将轨迹误差从97.0米降至16.3米,提升5.9倍。
  • 适合自动驾驶、无人机等需要低功耗实时定位的场景。

跨视图地理定位(CVGL)通过比对地面影像与卫星图块,提供绝对位置信息,是信号遮挡、干扰或伪造时的GNSS替代方案。近期细粒度方法可回归亚图块级位姿,但仅作为一次性定位器评估,未在实时系统中测试。惯性传感提供高频相对运动,但无绝对参照会累积无限漂移。本文提出TACO,一种紧耦合的IMU + 细粒度CVGL管道,仅需初始一次GNSS读数,之后完全依赖机载传感。基于闭式横移误差模型,在IMU漂移超出匹配器捕获半径前触发CVGL;采用前向偏置五点多裁剪搜索,每定位帧保持固定五次前向推理开销。航向残差门控剔除与机载罗盘冲突的定位结果;各体坐标系噪声模型按每帧置信度动态调整无迹卡尔曼滤波更新。带有经验证回环的因子图实现离线轨迹平滑。在KITTI raw数据集上,TACO将中值绝对轨迹误差(ATE)由97.0米(纯IMU)降至16.3米,降低5.9倍,单帧融合耗时小于0.1毫秒,相机工作周期仅5-10%。代码已开源:github.com/tavisshore/TACO。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cross-View Geo-localisation (CVGL) matches ground imagery against satellite tiles to give absolute position fixes, an alternative to GNSS where signals are occluded, jammed, or spoofed. Recent fine-grained CVGL methods regress sub-tile metric pose, but have only been evaluated as one-shot localisers, never as the primary fix in a live pipeline. Inertial sensing provides high-rate relative motion, but accumulates unbounded drift without an absolute anchor. We propose TACO, a tightly-coupled IMU + fine-grained CVGL pipeline that consumes a single GNSS reading at start-up and thereafter operates on onboard sensing alone. A closed-form cross-track error model triggers CVGL before IMU drift exceeds the matcher's capture radius, and a forward-biased five-point multi-crop search keeps inference cost fixed at five forward passes per fix. A yaw-residual gate rejects fixes that disagree with the onboard compass, and an anisotropic body-frame noise model scales each Unscented Kalman Filter update by per-fix confidence. A factor graph with vetted loop closures provides an offline smoothed trajectory. On the KITTI raw dataset, TACO reduces median Absolute Trajectory Error (ATE) from 97.0m (IMU-only) to 16.3m, a 5.9 times reduction, at <0.1 ms per-frame fusion cost and a 5-10% camera duty cycle. Code is available: github.com/tavisshore/TACO.

定位惯性导航图像匹配自动驾驶

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