用生成式方法提升地图搜索的精准度,让模糊查询也能理解深层意图。
Revisiting General Map Search via Generative Point-of-Interest Retrieval

- 将地点和上下文统一为序列,用大模型生成更符合语境的搜索结果。
- 在超过1000万地点的数据集上,显著优于传统方法。
- 适合需要理解复杂、模糊查询的地图服务开发者使用。
地点检索旨在从海量地点数据库中识别相关候选,是多种位置服务的核心。然而,在通用地图搜索场景中,传统方法因过度依赖表面语义匹配,难以应对用户查询不明确的问题。此类查询往往高度依赖上下文且个性化,现有范式难以有效融合异构上下文以推断复杂搜索意图。为此,本文从生成视角重思通用地图搜索,提出GenPOI——一种面向地图通用搜索的生成式地点检索框架。该框架将异构搜索上下文与地点统一为结构化序列,利用大语言模型(LLM)的强大上下文建模能力实现空间感知的候选生成。通过引入新型地理-语义地点分词方式,将每个地点编码为紧凑的词元序列,融合语义与地理信息,强化大模型的空间理解。同时采用邻近感知的约束生成策略,限制解码空间,确保生成结果的合法性与地理相关性。在腾讯地图大规模工业数据集(地点超1000万)上的实验表明,GenPOI性能显著领先。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Point-of-Interest (POI) retrieval aims to identify relevant candidates from massive-scale POI databases, serving as a cornerstone for diverse location-based services. However, in general map search scenarios, conventional POI retrieval methods are increasingly challenged by underspecified user queries due to their excessive reliance on surface-level semantic matching. Meanwhile, such queries are often highly context-dependent and personalized, yet existing retrieval paradigms struggle to effectively synergize heterogeneous contexts for complex search intent inference. To address these limitations, we revisit general map search from a generative perspective and propose GenPOI, an innovative Generative POI retrieval framework tailored for general search on maps. It seamlessly unifies heterogeneous search contexts and POIs into structured sequences, leveraging the powerful contextual modeling of Large Language Models (LLMs) for spatial-aware candidate generation. Consequently, this generative paradigm effectively solves more challenging queries through profound context dependency modeling and search intent reasoning. Specifically, accounting for the unique geospatial nature of map scenarios, GenPOI introduces a novel Geo-Semantic POI Tokenization to represent each POI as a compact token sequence encoding both semantic and geographic context, thus grounding the LLM's spatial understanding. Additionally, a proximity-aware constrained generation strategy is employed to restrict the decoding space of the LLM, ensuring the validity and geospatial relevance of the generated results. Extensive experiments on large-scale industrial datasets from Tencent Map, comprising POIs at the scale of over 10 million, demonstrate the superior performance of GenPOI.
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