研究自闭症儿童处理嵌套所有格结构的脑电反应，发现其句法解析能力受损。
An ERP Study of Recursive Possessive Parsing in ASD Children and Its Cognitive Neuro Mechanisms
- 通过脑电图对比自闭症与正常儿童对复杂嵌套句的实时加工
- 自闭症儿童在句法重分析阶段（P600）反应显著减弱且延迟
- 语言模块分离理论得到支持：语义保留但句法计算能力缺陷
递归结构是人类语言的核心特征，但自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童如何处理复杂递归仍不清楚。本研究采用事件相关电位（ERP）技术，通过句子-图片匹配范式，比较12名汉语自闭症儿童与12名典型发育（TD）同龄人对两级嵌套所有格结构的在线加工。分析了P200（150-250 ms）、N400（300-500 ms）和P600（500-1000 ms）成分。结果显示，自闭症儿童的P200幅值显著降低，未出现典型的后部语法效应，表明早期感知加工异常；两组均无明显N400违规效应，说明不涉及语义错配；但自闭症儿童呈现前部反向效应和后部效应减弱。在P600阶段，自闭症儿童幅值显著降低，无后部语法效应，且潜伏期有延迟趋势，反映句法重分析核心缺陷。结果表明，尽管词汇-语义加工相对完好，但自闭症儿童在递归句法计算上存在严重障碍，支持语言模块分离的解释框架。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recursive structures are a core property of human language, yet little is known about how children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process complex recursion. This ERP study investigated the online processing of two-level recursive possessive structures in Mandarin-speaking children with ASD (n = 12) compared to typically developing (TD) peers (n = 12) using a sentence-picture matching paradigm. ERPs were analyzed for P200 (150-250 ms), N400 (300-500 ms), and P600 (500-1000 ms). Results showed that ASD children exhibited significantly reduced P200 amplitudes and failed to show the typical posterior grammaticality effect, indicating atypical early perceptual processing. No robust N400 violation effect was observed in either group, confirming the mismatch was not a semantic anomaly; however, ASD children showed a reversed anterior effect and an attenuated posterior effect. For the P600, ASD children had significantly reduced amplitudes, no posterior grammaticality effect, and a trend toward delayed latency, reflecting a core deficit in syntactic reanalysis. These findings demonstrate that while lexical-semantic processing is relatively preserved in ASD, the online syntactic computation required for recursion is severely impaired, supporting modular dissociation accounts of language in autism.
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