通过事件级分块,让肌电模型跨用户更稳定、少标数据也能用。
From Muscle Bursts to Motor Intent: Self-Supervised Token Modeling for Heterogeneous EMG
- 用能量变化识别肌肉收缩事件,生成紧凑的神经肌肉标记符。
- 在8个公开数据集上训练后,对新用户识别准确率提升23.5%。
- 适合做可迁移的可穿戴肌电解码,尤其适合标注数据少的场景。
表面肌电为从可穿戴肌肉信号中推断人体运动意图提供了一种实用方法,但单次采集设置下训练的模型在用户、会话、电极布局或动作协议变化时往往可靠性下降。本文提出AEMG,一种自监督学习方法,旨在从异构肌电信号中提取可复用的神经肌肉表征。首先将8个公开手势数据集转换为统一信号格式,以减少通道配置、传感器拓扑和记录协议的差异。AEMG不依赖固定长度滑动窗口,而是通过能量变化检测收缩事件,并将其表示为紧凑的神经肌肉标记符,有序的标记组描述运动中多肌肉的协同活动。随后,使用时空条件化的Transformer编码这些标记序列,保留电极位置、激活时间和顺序结构信息。预训练阶段,模型通过向量量化重建构建收缩原型离散库,并通过恢复周围观测中的掩码标记符来学习上下文依赖关系。在留一被试者和低标签适应设置下的实验表明,所学表征提升了对未见用户的鲁棒性,并显著减少了手势识别所需的校准数据量。结果表明,事件级标记建模为实现可适应、数据高效的人体运动意图理解提供了一条可扩展路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Surface electromyography provides a practical way to infer human movement intention from wearable muscle recordings, but models trained under a single acquisition setting often lose reliability when the user, session, electrode layout, or gesture protocol changes. This paper proposes AEMG, a self-supervised learning approach designed to extract reusable neuromuscular representations from diverse EMG sources. Eight public gesture datasets are first transformed into a shared signal format to reduce discrepancies in channel configuration, sensor topology, and recording protocol. Instead of relying on fixed-length sliding windows, AEMG identifies contraction events from energy variations and represents them as compact neuromuscular tokens, while ordered token groups describe the coordinated activity of multiple muscles during motion. A spatially and temporally conditioned Transformer is then used to encode these token sequences, preserving information about electrode position, activation timing, and sequential structure. For pre-training, the model constructs a discrete library of contraction prototypes through vector-quantized reconstruction and further learns contextual dependencies by recovering masked neuromuscular tokens from surrounding observations. Experiments under leave-one-subject-out and low-label adaptation settings show that the learned representation improves robustness to unseen users and reduces the amount of calibration data required for gesture recognition. These findings suggest that event-level token modeling offers a scalable route toward adaptable and data-efficient EMG-based motor-intent understanding.
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