arXiv:2605.03789stat.MLcs.LG2026-05被引 1

无需训练的时序预测新方法,准确率远超现有模型且速度更快。

Training-Free Probabilistic Time-Series Forecasting with Conformal Seasonal Pools

  • 基于同季节经验采样与残差修正,构建无需训练的预测框架。
  • 在6个数据集上全面超越DeepNPTS,覆盖率达89%(原为66%)。
  • 适合医疗、金融等对预测可靠性要求极高的场景使用。

我们提出无需训练的共形季节池(CSP),通过混合同季节经验样本与围绕季节性朴素预测的带符号残差样本,实现概率性时序预测。在原始评估过的六个数据集(电力、汇率、太阳能、出租车、交通、维基百科)的滚动起源基准测试中,CSP-自适应在所有指标上均显著优于DeepNPTS:CRPS(配对威尔科克斯检验p ≈ 4×10⁻¹⁰)、归一化均值分位数损失(p ≈ 7×10⁻¹⁰)、实证95%覆盖率(p ≈ 8×10⁻⁴⁵,均值0.89对比0.66)。其运行速度比DeepNPTS快逾500倍(CPU)。覆盖率是决策关键:名义95%区间仅在66%情况下包含真实值,无法满足校准要求,会引发安全或决策风险。在最差10%窗口中,DeepNPTS的预测区间完全未覆盖任何未来步长,导致整个多步轨迹同时偏离真实值。这在医疗、金融、能源运营及自动驾驶等场景中可能造成严重后果。CSP以无参数、无训练方式达成上述表现,建议将训练自由的共形采样器作为评估学习型非参数预测器的强制基线。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We propose Conformal Seasonal Pools (CSP), a training-free probabilistic time-series forecaster that mixes same-season empirical draws with signed residual draws around a seasonal naive forecast. In an audited rolling-origin benchmark on the six time-series datasets where DeepNPTS was originally evaluated (electricity, exchange_rate, solar_energy, taxi, traffic, wikipedia), CSP-Adaptive significantly outperforms DeepNPTS on every metric we report -- CRPS (per-window paired Wilcoxon $p \approx 4 \times 10^{-10}$), normalized mean quantile loss ($p \approx 7 \times 10^{-10}$), and empirical 95% coverage ($p \approx 8 \times 10^{-45}$, mean 0.89 vs 0.66) -- while running over 500x faster on CPU. Coverage is the most decision-critical of these: a 0.95 nominal interval that contains the truth in only ~66% of cases fails the basic calibration desideratum and would not survive deployment in safety- or decision-critical settings. The failure mode is also more severe than aggregate coverage suggests: in the worst 10% of windows, DeepNPTS's prediction interval covers none of the H forecast horizons -- the entire multi-step trajectory misses the truth at every step simultaneously. This poses serious risk in safety- and decision-critical applications such as healthcare, finance, energy operations, and autonomous systems, where prediction intervals that systematically miss the truth across the entire planning horizon translate directly into misclassified patients, regulatory capital failures, grid imbalances, and safety-case violations. CSP achieves all of this with no learned parameters and no training. We argue training-free conformal samplers should be mandatory baselines when evaluating learned non-parametric forecasters.

时序预测概率建模无需训练共形推断

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