用触觉反馈提升微米级装配精度,让机械臂稳准完成插接。
From Reach to Insert: Tactile-Augmented Precision Assembly under Sub-Millimeter Tolerances

- 分两阶段:先模仿学习抓取定位,再强化学习精细插入
- 0.05毫米间隙下成功率67%,接触力降低60%,扭矩降44%
- 触觉采样与评价机制提升训练效率,适合精密制造场景
高精度装配常涉及严苛公差的插接任务,微小姿态误差易导致卡死或过大作用力,难以获得鲁棒安全的插入策略。本文提出一种触觉增强的两阶段方法,结合模仿学习(IL)与强化学习(RL)。第一阶段,IL学习具备位置泛化能力的抓取策略,将钉子送至目标区域附近;第二阶段,RL执行插入并实现接触交互中的故障恢复。为更好利用触觉反馈,引入触觉组采样以提升关键接触段覆盖率,设计触觉价值评判器以更准确评估策略性能。在五种孔形和三种间隙设置下进行系统实验。结果表明,该方法在所有条件下均显著提升插入性能;在最严苛的0.05 mm间隙下,成功率达67%,最大作用力降低60%,扭矩减少44%,验证了其高效性与安全性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
High-precision assembly frequently involves tight-tolerance insertions, where even slight pose errors can cause jamming or excessive interaction forces, making robust and safe insertion policies difficult to obtain. This paper proposes a tactile-augmented two-stage method that combines Imitation Learning (IL) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) for precision insertion tasks. In the first stage, IL learns a reaching policy with position generalization that grasps the peg and brings it to the vicinity of the target region. In the second stage, RL executes the insertion and enables recovery from failures during contact-rich interactions. To better exploit tactile feedback, we introduce tactile group sampling to increase coverage of critical contact segments during training, and design a tactile critic to more accurately evaluate policy values, improving insertion performance while maintaining low contact forces. We conduct systematic experiments across five hole geometries and three clearance settings. Results show that our method substantially improves insertion performance across all settings; under the most challenging 0.05\,mm clearance, it achieves a 67\% success rate while keeping contact forces low, reducing the maximum interaction force by 60\% and torque by 44\%, thereby validating both effectiveness and safety for precision assembly.
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