用阈值替代配对比较,让模型直接从评分数据学习人类偏好。
Threshold-Guided Optimization for Visual Generative Models

- 用全局阈值替代不可计算的基准,将对齐转为无配对的二分类任务。
- 在扩散和掩码生成模型上,跨5个奖励模型均优于现有方法。
- 适合缺乏成对标注、只有独立评分的场景,提升样本效率。
将大视觉生成模型与人类反馈对齐通常依赖成对偏好优化。这类方法虽概念简单,但需标注配对数据,在仅收集独立标量评分的场景下难以扩展。本文重新审视KL正则化对齐目标,发现最优策略隐式地将每个样本的奖励与一个通常不可计算的实例特定基准进行比较。我们提出一种阈值引导对齐框架,用从经验评分统计中估计的全局阈值替代该理想基准。该公式将对齐转化为无配对数据上的二元决策任务,可直接从标量反馈中有效优化。同时引入置信度加权项,强化偏离阈值显著的样本,提升样本效率。在扩散与掩码生成范式下,覆盖三个测试集及五个奖励模型的实验表明,本方法在偏好对齐上持续优于先前方法。结果表明,该阈值引导框架是无需成对比较的视觉生成模型对齐的简洁而原理性的替代方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Aligning large visual generative models with human feedback is often performed through pairwise preference optimization. While such approaches are conceptually simple, they fundamentally rely on annotated pairs, limiting scalability in settings where feedback is collected as independent scalar ratings. In this work, we revisit the KL-regularized alignment objective and show that the optimal policy implicitly compares each sample's reward to an instance-specific baseline that is generally intractable. We propose a threshold-guided alignment framework that replaces this oracle baseline with a data-driven global threshold estimated from empirical score statistics. This formulation turns alignment into a binary decision task on unpaired data, enabling effective optimization directly from scalar feedback. We also incorporate a confidence weighting term to emphasize samples whose scores deviate strongly from the threshold, improving sample efficiency. Experiments across both diffusion and masked generative paradigms, spanning three test sets and five reward models, show that our method consistently improves preference alignment over previous methods. These results position our threshold-guided framework as a simple yet principled alternative for aligning visual generative models without paired comparisons.
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