CARD数据集提供高密度3D地面真值,助力复杂路面的精准重建。
CARD: A Multi-Modal Automotive Dataset for Dense 3D Reconstruction in Challenging Road Topography

- 多传感器融合生成每帧约50万有效深度像素,远超现有数据集。
- 覆盖110公里道路,包含坑洼、减速带等挑战性路况,支持细粒度几何评估。
- 适合自动驾驶几何估计与感知模型的基准测试,尤其关注路面不平问题。
自动驾驶需在多样路面安全运行,但多数驾驶数据集仅采集于平坦铺装道路。现有数据集多仅提供稀疏激光雷达真值,难以评估深度估计与补全中的精细几何结构。为此,我们推出CARD——一个面向复杂路地形的多模态驾驶数据集,提供连续序列中密集的3D地面真值,涵盖减速带、坑洼、不规则路面及非铺装路段。传感器包括同步全局快门双目相机、前后激光雷达、六自由度位姿(来自激光雷达-惯性里程计)、轮式运动轨迹及完整标定信息。多激光雷达融合实现每帧约50万有效深度像素,较KITTI Depth Completion提升约6.5倍,平均达其他公开数据集的10倍。数据集覆盖德国与意大利共约110公里、4.7小时。此外,提供针对路面不平区域的2D边界框,支持几何与感知任务的精准评测。我们还建立标准化评估协议,并对前沿深度估计模型进行基准测试,提供强基线。CARD数据集托管于https://huggingface.co/CARD-Data。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous driving must operate across diverse surfaces to enable safe mobility. However, most driving datasets are captured on well-paved flat roads. Moreover, recent driving datasets primarily provide sparse LiDAR ground truth for images, which is insufficient for assessing fine-grained geometry in depth estimation and completion. To address these gaps, we introduce CARD, a multi-modal driving dataset that delivers quasi-dense 3D ground truth across continuous sequences rich in speed bumps, potholes, irregular surfaces and off-road segments. Our sensor suite includes synchronized global-shutter stereo cameras, front and rear LiDARs, 6-DoF poses from LiDAR-inertial odometry, per-wheel motion traces, and full calibration. Notably, our multi-LiDAR fusion yields ~500K valid depth pixels per frame, about 6.5x more than KITTI Depth Completion and 10x more on average than other public driving datasets. The dataset spans ~110 km and 4.7 hours across Germany and Italy. In addition, CARD provides 2D bounding boxes targeting road-topography irregularities, enabling accurate benchmarking for both geometry and perception tasks. Furthermore, we establish a standardized evaluation protocol for road surface irregularities on CARD and benchmark state-of-the-art depth estimation models to provide strong baselines. The CARD dataset is hosted on https://huggingface.co/CARD-Data.
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