arXiv:2605.05164cs.CVcs.AI2026-05

用双几何空间建模病理切片,提升癌症诊断精度。

Geometry-Aware State Space Model: A New Paradigm for Whole-Slide Image Representation

论文配图:Geometry-Aware State Space Model: A New Paradigm for Whole-Slide Image Representation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 在双几何空间中融合层级结构与局部形态,改进切片表示
  • 在7个数据集上超越现有最优方法,平均准确率提升2.3%以上
  • 适合需要高精度病理分析的医学AI研究者

组织病理图像的精准分析对疾病诊断和治疗规划至关重要。全切片图像(WSI)以吉像素级分辨率数字化组织样本,是该过程的基础,但需聚合数千个图像块实现整体预测。多实例学习(MIL)采用两阶段范式,分离图像块嵌入与整体预测。然而,现有方法通常将图像块隐式嵌入同质欧氏空间,忽略了病理组织的层级结构与区域异质性,限制了模型对全局组织架构和细粒度细胞形态的捕捉能力。为此,我们提出混合双曲-欧氏表示,将WSI特征嵌入双重几何空间,实现对层级组织结构与局部形态细节的互补建模。基于此,我们构建了BatMIL框架,利用双重几何空间进行分类。为建模数千图像块间的长程依赖,采用具有线性计算复杂度的结构化状态空间序列模型(S4)作为主干网络。此外,引入块级专家混合(MoE)模块,将图像块分组至区域并动态路由至专用子网络,在提升表征能力的同时减少冗余计算。在涵盖六种癌种的七个WSI数据集上的实验表明,BatMIL在整体分类任务中持续优于当前最优MIL方法。结果表明,几何感知表示学习为下一代计算病理学提供了有前景的方向。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurate analysis of histopathological images is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. Whole-slide images (WSIs), which digitize tissue specimens at gigapixel resolution, are fundamental to this process but require aggregating thousands of patches for slide-level predictions. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) tackles this challenge with a two-stage paradigm, decoupling tile-level embedding and slide-level prediction. However, most existing methods implicitly embed patch representations in homogeneous Euclidean spaces, overlooking the hierarchical organization and regional heterogeneity of pathological tissues. This limits current models' ability to capture global tissue architecture and fine-grained cellular morphology. To address this limitation, we introduce a hybrid hyperbolic-Euclidean representation that embeds WSI features in dual geometric spaces, enabling complementary modeling of hierarchical tissue structures and local morphological details. Building on this formulation, we develop BatMIL, a WSI classification framework that leverages both geometric spaces. To model long-range dependencies among thousands of patches, we employ a structured state space sequence model (S4) backbone that encodes patch sequences with linear computational complexity. Furthermore, to account for regional heterogeneity, we introduce a chunk-level mixture-of-experts (MoE) module that groups patches into regions and dynamically routes them to specialized subnetworks, improving representational capacity while reducing redundant computation. Extensive experiments on seven WSI datasets spanning six cancer types demonstrate that BatMIL consistently outperforms state-of-the-art MIL approaches in slide-level classification tasks. These results indicate that geometry-aware representation learning offers a promising direction for next-generation computational pathology.

病理分析双几何空间MILWSI

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