解决企业级AI中多租户数据泄露问题,确保查询不越权访问。
Securing the Agent: Vendor-Neutral, Multitenant Enterprise Retrieval and Tool Use
- 通过策略感知的分层隔离架构,将安全控制集中到服务器端。
- 基于ABAC的检索门控有效阻止跨租户数据泄露,开销极低。
- 适合需要多租户、高合规性要求的企业AI系统部署者。
检索增强生成(RAG)和智能体(agentic)AI系统在企业中日益普及,但真实企业环境带来学术研究和消费级API中未涵盖的挑战:多租户异构数据、严格访问控制、监管合规及成本压力,要求共享基础设施。现有RAG架构的根本问题在于:检索系统仅按相关性排序文档(如语义相似度、关键词匹配),而非授权状态,导致一租户的查询可能因得分最高而暴露另一租户的机密数据。本文正式化该安全缺口,并分析了工具调用泄露、多轮上下文累积及客户端编排绕过等附加问题。为此,提出一种分层隔离架构,结合策略感知的数据摄入、检索时门控与共享推理,由服务器端智能体编排强制执行。该设计将工具执行授权、状态隔离与策略控制集中于服务端,实现天然的安全保障点,同时允许客户端保留对智能体结构与延迟敏感操作的控制权。通过开源框架OGX验证,其支持开放兼容的Responses API与服务端多轮编排,实证表明ABAC门控可彻底消除跨租户泄露,且引入的性能开销可忽略不计。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and agentic AI systems are increasingly prevalent in enterprise AI deployments. However, real enterprise environments introduce challenges largely absent from academic treatments and consumer-facing APIs: multiple tenants with heterogeneous data, strict access-control requirements, regulatory compliance, and cost pressures that demand shared infrastructure. A fundamental problem underlies existing RAG architectures in these settings: retrieval systems rank documents by relevance--whether through semantic similarity, keyword matching, or hybrid approaches--not by authorization, so a query from one tenant can surface another tenant's confidential data simply because it scores highest. We formalize this gap and analyze additional shortcomings--including tool-mediated disclosure, context accumulation across turns, and client-side orchestration bypass--that arise when agentic systems conflate relevance with authorization. To address these challenges, we introduce a layered isolation architecture combining policy-aware ingestion, retrieval-time gating, and shared inference, enforced through server-side agentic orchestration. This approach centralizes security-critical operations--tool execution authorization, state isolation, and policy enforcement--on the server, creating natural enforcement points for multitenant isolation while allowing client-side frameworks to retain control over agent composition and latency-sensitive operations. We validate the proposed architecture through an open-source implementation in OGX, a vendor-neutral framework that implements an OpenAI-compatible, open-source Responses API with server-side multi-turn orchestration. We evaluate it empirically and show that ABAC gating eliminates cross-tenant leakage while introducing negligible overhead.
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