arXiv:2605.05725cs.AI2026-05被引 1

用多个专家代理分析时间序列异常,提升检测可靠性和可解释性。

Detecting Time Series Anomalies Like an Expert: A Multi-Agent LLM Framework with Specialized Analyzers

论文配图:Detecting Time Series Anomalies Like an Expert: A Multi-Agent LLM Framework with Specialized Analyzers
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分四个模块分别识别点、结构、季节和模式异常,各用专用工具
  • 在三个基准上优于主流模型,且不依赖真实异常样本构造提示
  • 输出带置信度的结构化诊断报告,适合需要可解释性的场景

近期研究探索了大语言模型在时间序列异常检测中的应用,但现有方法多依赖单一通用模型直接推断异常位置或区间,难以控制、解释复杂异常模式。本文提出 SAGE(Specialized Analyzer Group for Expert-like Detection),一种用于单变量时间序列结构化异常诊断的多智能体框架。该框架将异常分析分解为四类专用分析器:点异常、结构异常、季节异常和模式异常。每个分析器使用特定的数值工具与可视化手段生成证据,由证据驱动的检测器整合这些证据,输出带置信度的异常记录(含区间与候选类型)。一名监督者将结构化记录转化为面向分析师的诊断报告。SAGE 进一步从正常参考段构造上下文示例,不使用真实异常段或异常类型标签作为示例。在三个基准上,SAGE 在强基线(包括机器学习/深度学习及基于语言模型的方法)中取得最优平均性能。消融实验与人工评估表明,该框架提升了检测可靠性与诊断输出的实际可用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent studies have explored large language models for time-series anomaly detection, yet existing approaches often rely on a single general-purpose model to directly infer anomaly indices or intervals, limiting controllability, interpretability, and reliability for complex anomaly patterns. We propose SAGE (Specialized Analyzer Group for Expert-like Detection), a multi-agent framework for structured anomaly diagnosis in univariate time series. It decomposes anomaly analysis into four specialized Analyzers for point, structural, seasonal, and pattern anomalies. Each Analyzer applies family-specific numerical tools and diagnostic visualizations to generate evidence, while an evidence-grounded Detector consolidates the evidence into confidence-scored anomaly records with intervals and candidate types. A Supervisor then converts these structured records into analyst-facing diagnostic reports. SAGE further constructs synthetic in-context examples from normal-reference training segments, without using real anomalous segments or anomaly-type labels as in-context examples. Across three benchmarks, SAGE achieves the best average performance among strong ML/DL and language-model-based baselines. Ablation studies and human evaluation further show that the proposed framework improves detection reliability and the practical usefulness of diagnostic outputs.

异常检测多智能体时间序列可解释性

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