让智能体工作流在预算和时限内成功完成,提升可靠性。
On Time, Within Budget: Constraint-Driven Online Resource Allocation for Agentic Workflows

- 动态分配模型与并行样本,实时调整资源使用。
- 在多种预算-时限组合下,成功率显著高于基线方法。
- 适合对可靠性要求高的实际部署场景。
智能体系统通过编排工作流解决复杂用户请求,其中子任务被分配给专用模型或工具,并根据依赖关系进行协调。现有研究虽优化了性能-成本-延迟的权衡,但真实部署常有明确约束:工作流必须在指定预算内、截止时间前完成。这使得目标从平均效率优化转变为最大化满足预算与截止时间约束的成功概率。本文研究约束驱动的在线资源分配问题。给定依赖结构的工作流及各子任务-模型对的成功率与生成时长估计,执行器在剩余预算与时间内动态分配模型和并行采样数。我们将该问题建模为有限时域随机在线分配问题,提出轻量级闭环规划器MCPP,通过模拟工作流执行直接估算约束完成概率,并在观测结果后重新规划。在CodeFlow和ProofFlow上的实验表明,MCPP在广泛预算-截止时间组合下,始终优于强基线,显著提升约束完成概率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Agentic systems increasingly solve complex user requests by executing orchestrated workflows, where subtasks are assigned to specialized models or tools and coordinated according to their dependencies. While recent work improves agent efficiency by optimizing the performance--cost--latency frontier, real deployments often impose concrete requirements: a workflow must be completed within a specified budget and before a specified deadline. This shifts the goal from average efficiency optimization to maximizing the probability that the entire workflow completes successfully under explicit budget and deadline constraints. We study \emph{constraint-driven online resource allocation for agentic workflows}. Given a dependency-structured workflow and estimates of success rates and generation lengths for each subtask--model pair, the executor dynamically allocates models and parallel samples across simultaneously executable subtasks while managing the remaining budget and time. We formulate this setting as a finite-horizon stochastic online allocation problem and propose \emph{Monte Carlo Portfolio Planning} (MCPP), a lightweight closed-loop planner that directly estimates constrained completion probability through simulated workflow executions and replans after observed outcomes. Experiments on CodeFlow and ProofFlow demonstrate that MCPP consistently improves constrained completion probability over strong baselines across a wide range of budget--deadline constraints.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。