探究Chronos模型对频域信号的内部表示能力,揭示其在不同频率下的表现差异。
Preliminary Insights in Chronos Frequency Data Understanding and Reconstruction

- 用最小描述长度探针检测模型解码器中频率信息的可分离性。
- 发现模型在高频和低频区域的表示质量会下降,需特别注意。
- 为信号处理和多模态融合用户提供实用指导,提升模型可解释性。
本文对Chronos基础模型处理与内部表示频域信息的能力进行了初步分析。具备时间序列处理能力的基础模型为实践者提供统一架构,可在多种任务与领域中学习通用时序表征,减少特定任务的特征工程需求,并实现跨信号模态的迁移。尽管这类模型日益普及,其对基本信号属性的编码程度仍缺乏充分刻画。为此,我们在受控条件下开展研究,从最简单的信号类型——固定频率离散正弦波入手,通过轻量级在线最小描述长度探针,测试模型解码架构中频率信息的存在性与可分离性。结果揭示了频域能力在全频谱范围内的捕获机制,并指出表示质量可能退化或需特别关注的区间。这些发现为Chronos在信号处理与信息融合场景中的应用提供了实用建议,也助力提升时序数据基础模型的可解释性与评估水平。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the ability of Chronos foundation model to process and internally represent frequency domain information. Foundation models that process time-series data offer practitioners a unified architecture capable of learning generic temporal representations across diverse tasks and domains, reducing the need for task-specific feature engineering and enabling transfer across signal modalities. Despite their growing adoption, the extent to which such models encode fundamental signal properties remains insufficiently characterised. We address this gap by analysing Chronos under controlled conditions, starting from the simplest class of signals: discrete sinusoids generated at fixed frequencies. Using lightweight online minimum description length probes applied to the decoder architecture, we test for the presence and separability of frequency information in the model's internal representations. The results provide insight into how frequential content is captured across the frequency spectrum and highlight regimes in which representation quality may degrade or require particular care. These findings offer practical guidance for users of Chronos in signal processing and information fusion contexts, and contribute to ongoing efforts to improve the interpretability and evaluation of foundation models for temporal data.
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