arXiv:2605.06885cs.LGcs.AI2026-05被引 1

通过对齐表示结构,让扩散模型复用预训练自回归模型的语义知识。

Don't Retrain, Align: Adapting Autoregressive LMs to Diffusion LMs via Representation Alignment

论文配图:Don't Retrain, Align: Adapting Autoregressive LMs to Diffusion LMs via Representation Alignment
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用余弦相似度对齐扩散模型与自回归模型各层隐藏状态,保持语义一致性。
  • 在低数据情况下训练速度提升4倍,且生成质量不降反升。
  • 无需修改架构或添加适配器,适合资源有限的场景快速部署。

扩散语言模型(DLM)最近展现出与标准自回归(AR)模型互补的能力,尤其在非序列生成和双向编辑方面。尽管已有工作表明可将预训练的自回归检查点转换为扩散语言模型,但现有方法主要通过持续去噪训练并修改目标函数和注意力机制来迁移参数。本文提出:自回归预训练中学习到的内部表示几何结构是否可在AR到DLM转换中被显式保留?我们假设自回归预训练所学的语义结构可跨生成顺序迁移,因此扩散模型训练应被视为重学解码路径而非重新学习语言表示。为此,我们提出REPR-ALIGN,一种表示对齐目标,使双向掩码扩散模型能够复用同架构预训练自回归模型的表示。具体地,在每一层使用余弦相似度对齐扩散模型与冻结的自回归模型隐藏状态,同时优化标准的掩码去噪目标。这一简单方法(无适配器、无架构变更,仅注意力掩码调整)在我们的设置中实现最高4倍的训练加速,尤其在低数据条件下表现优异。结果表明,语言表示可跨生成顺序迁移,表示对齐是训练扩散语言模型的简单而有效策略。代码已开源:https://github.com/pengzhangzhi/Open-dLLM。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently demonstrated capabilities that complement standard autoregressive (AR) models, particularly in non-sequential generation and bidirectional editing. Although recent work has shown that pretrained autoregressive checkpoints can be converted into diffusion language models, existing recipes primarily transfer parameters through continued denoising training with objective- and attention-level modifications. We instead ask whether the internal representation geometry learned by next-token prediction can be explicitly preserved during AR-to-DLM conversion. We hypothesize that much of the semantic structure learned by AR pretraining can transfer across generation orders, and thus DLM training should be viewed as relearning the decoding path rather than relearning language representations. To investigate this, we introduce REPR-ALIGN, a representation alignment objective that adapts a bidirectional masked diffusion model to reuse representations from a pretrained AR model of identical architecture. Concretely, we align the hidden states of the DLM to the frozen AR model at every layer using cosine similarity, while optimizing the standard masked denoising objective. This simple alignment, with no adapters and no architectural changes beyond the attention mask, yields up to 4x training acceleration in our setting and is particularly effective in low-data regimes. Our results suggest that linguistic representations can transfer across generation order, and that representation alignment provides a simple and effective technique for training diffusion language models. Code is available at https://github.com/pengzhangzhi/Open-dLLM.

扩散模型表示对齐低数据训练自回归

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