针对边缘设备设计节能目标检测模型,实现高精度与低功耗平衡。
XiYOLO: Energy-Aware Object Detection via Iterative Architecture Search and Scaling

- 基于迭代搜索与分级估计算法,自动优化能耗敏感的检测架构。
- 在PascalVOC上比YOLOv12m省电20.6%(GPU)至35.9%(NPU)。
- 适用于资源受限的边缘部署,尤其适合多设备适配场景。
在异构边缘设备上进行目标检测需满足严格的能耗、延迟和内存限制,同时保障下游自主任务所需的可靠感知。现有能量感知NAS方法通常局限于特定部署环境,且真实能耗难以优化,因其高度依赖设备且测量成本高昂。本文提出一种能量自适应框架,结合能量感知的XiResOFA搜索空间、两阶段能量估计算法及迭代搜索,识别出单一节能基础架构。随后通过复合缩放将其扩展为跨预算部署的XiYOLO系列,实现稀疏硬件测量下的可解释精度-能耗权衡。在PascalVOC、COCO及真实设备部署实验中,XiYOLO在能效-精度权衡上优于YOLO基线。在PascalVOC上,中等规模的XiYOLO达到86.15 mAP50,相比YOLOv12m在GPU上降低20.6%能耗,在NPU上降低35.9%。在COCO小规模下,相比YOLOv12,GPU和NPU上分别最多降低53.7%和51.6%能耗。所提两阶段估计器在仅需2–20个目标设备样本的少样本适配中,比联合预测器更具样本效率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Object detection on heterogeneous edge devices must satisfy strict energy, latency, and memory constraints while still providing reliable perception for downstream autonomy. Existing energy-aware NAS methods often target limited deployment settings, while real energy remains difficult to optimize because it is highly device-dependent and costly to measure. We address these challenges with an energy-adaptive framework that combines an energy-aware XiResOFA search space, a two-stage energy estimator, and iterative search to identify a single energy-efficient base architecture. We then apply compound scaling to transform this base design into the XiYOLO family across deployment budgets, enabling interpretable accuracy-energy tradeoffs under sparse hardware measurements. Experiments on PascalVOC, COCO, and real-device deployment show that XiYOLO achieves a stronger energy-accuracy tradeoff than YOLO baselines. On PascalVOC, the medium XiYOLO model reaches 86.15 mAP50 while reducing energy relative to YOLOv12m by 20.6% on GPU and 35.9% on NPU. On COCO, XiYOLO reduces energy relative to YOLOv12 by up to 53.7% on GPU and 51.6% on NPU at the small scale. The proposed two-stage estimator also improves sample efficiency over a joint predictor under few-shot adaptation with only 2-20 target-device samples.
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