arXiv:2605.07164cs.CL2026-05被引 1

让大模型智能决定何时用经验,提升决策效率。

Rethinking Experience Utilization in Self-Evolving Language Model Agents

论文配图:Rethinking Experience Utilization in Self-Evolving Language Model Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计可选经验调用机制,仅在需要时启用过往经验。
  • 跨4类框架、7个模型、3种环境均表现最优。
  • 适合研究智能体自我进化与推理优化的学者。

自进化语言模型智能体通过积累和复用过往交互经验来提升性能。现有工作主要关注经验的构建、表示与更新,却忽视了运行时如何有效使用经验。多数智能体采用固定策略,要么初始化时一次性注入经验,要么每步都强制使用,未考虑当前决策是否真正需要。本文将经验利用视为自进化智能体的关键设计维度,提出{ExpWeaver}:保持经验构建不变,仅在推理时将经验作为可选资源开放。在四个代表性框架、七个LLM骨干模型及三种环境上,ExpWeaver始终优于其他利用策略。强化学习实验表明该行为可通过训练进一步增强。使用模式分析、因果消融与熵分析显示,ExpWeaver能选择性调用经验,在关键决策点且推理不确定性高时触发。研究呼吁从关注‘存什么’转向理解‘何时用’与‘如何用’经验。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Self-evolving agents improve by accumulating and reusing experience from past interactions. Existing work has largely focused on how experience is constructed, represented, and updated, while paying less attention to how experience should be used during runtime decision-making. As a result, most agents rely on rigid usage strategies, either injecting experience once at initialization or at every step, without considering whether it is needed for the current decision. This paper studies experience utilization as a critical design dimension of self-evolving agents. We ask whether agents benefit from interweaving experience use with decision-making, so that experience is invoked only when additional guidance is needed. To examine this question, we introduce {ExpWeaver}, a lightweight instantiation that leaves experience construction unchanged and modifies only runtime utilization by exposing experience as an optional resource during reasoning. Across four representative frameworks, seven LLM backbones, and three types of environments, ExpWeaver consistently achieves the best performance among different utilization strategies. Reinforcement learning experiments further show that this behavior can be amplified through training. Usage-pattern, causal ablation, and entropy-based analyses reveal that ExpWeaver enables agents to invoke experience selectively, at beneficial decision points, and under higher reasoning uncertainty. Overall, our findings call for a shift from merely studying \emph{what} experience to store toward understanding \emph{how} and \emph{when} experience should enter decision-making.

智能体经验利用大模型推理优化

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