用惯性传感器+自行车力学约束,实现在无信号区的高精度共享单车定位。
Tracking Large-scale Shared Bikes with Inertial Motion Learning in GNSS Blocked Environments

- 融合自行车机械特性与专家模型,提升多任务学习效果。
- 95%置信度下轮速误差低于0.5米/秒,比基线提升至少12%。
- 适合大规模部署的共享出行系统,尤其在城市峡谷等遮挡区域。
尽管全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)可满足户外骑行定位需求,但在城市峡谷等复杂环境中,仅靠惯性导航系统才能工作。然而,仅使用低成本惯性传感器进行定位仍面临累积漂移和滤波方法鲁棒性差等问题。视觉或激光雷达虽能提供可靠测量,但难以大规模部署。本文提出一种融合自行车机械约束与混合专家模型的惯性追踪框架。通过多个专家模块捕捉共享表征,并利用门控机制加权,提升多任务学习性能并实现不确定性感知的轨迹估计。基于踏板与后轮之间的机械传动关系,挖掘骑行者周期性踩踏行为与加速度变化的内在关联,将其转化为车轮速度用于动态校准。基于滴滴出行平台的真实共享骑行数据实验表明,该系统较基线提升至少12%精度,95%分位轮速误差低于0.5米/秒。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Although Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide a general solution for bike tracking outdoors, there still exist complex riding environments where only inertial navigation systems work, such as urban canyons. Despite decades of research, localization using only low-cost inertial sensors still faces challenges such as cumulative drifts and poor robustness caused by filtering methods. Furthermore, sensors such as visual and LiDAR could provide reliable measurements, but they are not suitable for large-scale deployment. In this paper, we propose an inertial tracking framework that integrates bicycle mechanical constraints with a mixture-of-experts model. Specifically, we leverage multiple expert modules to capture shared representations and weight them through the gating mechanism, thus improving multi-task learning performance and enabling uncertainty-aware trajectory estimation. Furthermore, based on the mechanical transmission between the pedal and the rear wheel of a bike, we explore the intrinsic relationship between the rider's periodic pedalling behaviors and acceleration variations, and convert such patterns into bike's wheel speed for dynamic calibration. Experiments with real-world riding data from shared bikes of the DiDi ride-hailing platform demonstrate that our system improves the accuracy of baselines by at least 12%, with wheel speed errors below 0.5 m/s at 95-percentile.
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