利用失败数据提升机器人模仿学习稳定性

Imitation learning for robotic tasks has relied primarily on policies trained only on successful demonstrations, although failures are unavoidable during human data collection. Many existing approaches for exploiting failure data require additional data processing or iterative policy updates through autonomous rollouts, making it difficult to directly and stably utilize failure data accumulated during data collection. In this work, we propose a method that learns latent representations of success-failure discrepancies and incorporates them into the attention mechanism. During inference, an appropriate latent mode is selected from the initial observation to improve action stability. Furthermore, we introduce a post-training metric that quantifies the attention discrepancy between each failure sample and successful demonstrations to select failure data. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves task success rates when trained with failure data and that the proposed metric identifies failure samples that are beneficial for learning when combined with successful demonstrations. These results suggest that the proposed method can support more efficient use of collected demonstrations in robotic data collection pipelines.