用强化学习逆向设计折纸结构,快速生成可激光切割的可展原型。
Reinforcement learning for inverse structural design and rapid laser cutting of kirigami prototypes

- 结合最优传输流匹配与强化学习,生成满足几何兼容性的切口布局。
- 94.91% sIoU精度,仅需1次仿真评估,比传统求解器快数百倍。
- 生成结果可直接导出为DXF文件,50微米材料上8分钟内完成激光切割。
折纸(Kirigami)是一种日益重要的制造方法,用于构建可编程形状的超材料结构。然而,逆向设计仍具挑战性,因部署过程非线性,可行切口布局必须满足离散兼容性规则、避免重叠,并将目标形状映射为有效设计。本文提出RL-Kirigami框架,结合最优传输条件流匹配(OT-CFM)与强化学习,生成紧凑可重构平行四边形四边形折纸的兼容比例场。行进解码器强制全局几何兼容性,组相对策略优化(GRPO)使生成器适配不可微奖励函数,包括轮廓匹配、可行性及比例场正则性。在程序化生成的目标形状实例中,预训练的OT-CFM先验单次采样即达到94.2% sIoU,超越求解器基线,同时将前向模拟评估次数从数百次降至1次。GRPO进一步提升精度至94.91% sIoU,加入正则性后,总变差(TV(x))从0.95降至0.81,且保持94.83% sIoU。生成布局导出为DXF格式,在50μm聚合物薄膜上激光切割,每部件耗时8.0±1.0分钟,成功制造出可展开原型。这些结果支持了在严格几何可行性约束下,面向制造的可展开折纸超材料逆向设计工作流。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Kirigami is an increasingly useful fabrication method to produce shape-programmable metamaterial structures. However, inverse design remains difficult because deployment is nonlinear, and feasible cut layouts must satisfy discrete compatibility rules, avoid overlap, and map one target shape to valid designs. We present RL-Kirigami, an inverse design framework that combines optimal-transport conditional flow matching (OT-CFM) with reinforcement learning to generate compatible ratio fields for compact reconfigurable parallelogram quad kirigami. A marching decoder enforces global geometric compatibility, and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) aligns the generator with nondifferentiable rewards for silhouette matching, feasibility, and ratio-field regularity. Across procedurally generated target shape instances, a single sample from the pretrained OT-CFM prior reached $94.2%$ sIoU and outperformed solver baselines while reducing forward simulator evaluations from hundreds to 1. GRPO improved accuracy to $94.91%$ sIoU and, with regularity included, reduced $\mathrm{TV}(\mathbf{x})$ from 0.95 to 0.81 while maintaining $94.83%$ sIoU. Generated layouts were exported to DXF and laser-cut in $50~μ\mathrm{m}$ polymeric sheets to produce deployable prototypes in $8.0 \pm 1.0$ minutes per part. These results support a manufacturing-aware inverse design workflow for deployable kirigami metamaterials under hard geometric feasibility constraints.
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