arXiv:2605.08130cs.LG2026-05

从数据中同时发现函数及其积分表达式,无需符号积分步骤。

Additive Atomic Forests for Symbolic Function and Antiderivative Discovery

  • 用导数代数和两种基础原子构建可自生长的函数库
  • 在17个分类任务中,稀疏组合表现媲美甚至超过XGBoost
  • 结果可解释,适合需要透明模型的科学计算场景

我们提出一个框架,可从数据中同时恢复函数及其反导数。核心思想包括:第一,导数代数——通过初等函数的乘积法则和链式法则,递归生成自扩展的函数-导数对集合;第二,两种互补基元:EML(e^u - ln v)理论上覆盖所有初等函数,SOL(sin u - cos v)首次实现三角函数原子在深度1即可使用,而非约深度8;第三,加性原子森林——由基元树构成的有限和,可选通过乘法节点组合,其导数通过连续优化或遍历库匹配数据。因每个原子的导数由构造决定,森林同时编码符号表达式F及其导数F',无需符号积分。函数库非固定,可通过规则递归生长,新发现函数可回填,规模越大,可表示函数类越丰富。我们给出了框架的条件完备性、加性深度及解析同步恢复结果。实验上,在17个分类基准测试中,稀疏原子组合在13个数据集上达到或超越XGBoost性能,且生成可解释公式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present a framework for the simultaneous symbolic recovery of a function and its antiderivative from data. The framework rests on three ideas. First, a derivative algebra: the observation that the product rule $\frac{d}{dx}[f \cdot g] = f'g + fg'$ and the chain rule, applied to a seed set of elementary functions, generate a self-expanding system of function-derivative pairs -- a living library that grows each time a new function is discovered. Second, two complementary primitives -- EML$\,(e^u - \ln v)$, which is theoretically complete for all elementary functions, and SOL$\,(\sin u - \cos v)$, introduced here, which makes trigonometric atoms available at depth~1 instead of depth~$\sim$8 -- that seed the library with core atoms cheaply. Third, additive atomic forests: finite sums of primitive trees, optionally composed via multiplicative nodes, whose derivatives are fitted to data by continuous optimisation or by exhaustive search over the library. Because differentiation of each atom is determined by construction, the forest simultaneously encodes a symbolic expression $F$ and its derivative $F'$; no symbolic integration step is required. The library is not a fixed object: it self-constructs from a small seed set by recursive application of the product rule, chain rule, and the two primitives, and it can grow as newly discovered functions are folded back in. The larger the library, the richer the expressible class of candidate functions. We give conditional completeness, additive-depth, and analytic simultaneous-recovery results for the framework. Empirically, in our reported runs on 17 classification benchmarks, sparse atom combinations match or exceed XGBoost on 13 datasets while producing interpretable formulas.

符号回归函数发现反导数可解释模型

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